영어 모의고사 제 1회 문제
【문 1】다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.
In most cases, anger is characterized by .
In a study, participants in a conflict were asked to
provide narratives about their anger experiences. Angry
people nearly always insisted that the other person's
behavior was wrong, while their own was justified. They
described the offenders' actions as unreasonable,
arbitrary, and selfish. The offenders did not see their
actions in this way at all, and offered reasonable
explanations of their motivation and behavior.
Descriptions of the incidents were entirely different. The
individuals who had been angered described the incidents
in long-term contexts, not allowing for circumstances.
The offenders held a much more favorable view toward
things. Although acknowledging that they had done
wrong, the offenders minimized the severity of the
incidents.
① a prior bad experience
② a physical or emotional pain
③ a low tolerance for frustration
④ a gap in individual understanding
【문 2】다음 글의 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?
One of the most important and difficult jobs of
archaeologists is dating their finds. Determining the age
of human fossils makes it possible to understand when
and where the first humans emerged. (A) , the
dating of artifacts left by humans helps them understand
the growth of early societies. How, then, do
archaeologists determine the ages of the artifacts and
fossils they find? One valuable method is radiocarbon
dating. All living things absorb a small amount of
radioactive carbon (C-14) from the atmosphere. After a
living thing dies, it slowly loses C-14. Using radiocarbon
dating, an archeologist can calculate the age of an object
by measuring the amount of C-14 left in it. (B) ,
radiocarbon dating is only accurate for dating objects that
are no more than about 50,000 years old. Another
method – thermoluminescence dating – enables
archaeologists to make relatively precise measurements
back to 200,000 years, by measuring the light given off
by electrons trapped in the soil surrounding fossils.
(A) (B)
①Likewise …… However
②Likewise …… Thus
③However …… Otherwise
④However …… Similarly
【문 3】다음 글의 빈 칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.
It is clear that the short story must be short. This means
that space at the disposal of a writer is short and
limited. It is because of this that Barry Pain, an English
poet and writer, reminds us that the writer of short
stories has to show a good deal of common sense - the
same common sense that a hostess has in holding a very
small room. The wise hostess calls just the number she
can accommodate. Similarly, the writer of a short story
should see that, in order to bring out his theme or to
produce the proper narrative effect, he chooses the
number of characters just required for the presentation of
the theme. If two characters are enough, he should not
introduce three, for in the short story, so
that a concentrated, single impression is produced. Edgar
Allen Poe’s short stories are good examples of this. In A
Descent into the Maelstrom, for instance, we see how
every detail is carefully used. There is absolutely nothing
superfluous in the story.
① every detail should be metaphorical
② utmost economy has to be practiced
③ the number of words used is not limited
④ the writer violates the principle of writing
【문 4】다음 글의 주제로 적절한 것은?
For students plagiarism is usually a straightforward
matter: If you present someone else’s words or ideas as
your own, you have plagiarized. The whole matter of
plagiarism rests on an assumption that each of us has
our own ideas and is responsible for our own words. In
this sense, we “own” those words and ideas; we “own”
our intellectual work. And we’re not allowed to “steal”
others’ words or ideas.
But the ownership of intellectual work ─ the matter of
intellectual property ─ is not as straightforward as it
might seem. Its’ easy to see plagiarism when a student
hands in a paper written by someone else. In effect, that
student is submitting as his or her own someone else’s
intellectual property. But what if you asked a roommate
or a relative for help with an essay you are writing?
What if that person suggested a way for you to reword a
few sentences or a paragraph? If you did so and then
submitted your essay to your teacher, is that essay
yours? Or does it belong partly to the roommate or
relative who helped you? Who owns the ideas and words
in that essay?
① How to avoid the charge of plagiarism
② What makes plagiarism hard to define
③ The danger of making use of others’ works
④ The reason we should not steal other’s ideas
【문 5】밑줄 친 부분 중 어법상 적절한 것은?
Whether we like it or not, the system of copyright, one
of the purposes of ①it has been to provide a fair reward
for artists, ②is rapidly being removed from artistic
creation itself and brought into the realms of big
business. What we see too is the build-up of complete
legal control over every artistic creation. The cultural
conglomerates buy rights all over the place, surround
them with extremely detailed property regulations, and ③
hiring highly specialized lawyers to defend their interests.
The consequence is that every artist who has created or
performed something has to take care that ④their work
is not taken away by a cultural industry.
【문 6】글의 흐름으로 보아 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 적절한 곳은?
For example, U.S. development of cheap and efficient
solar power will not limit China’s use of this resource;
moreover. China would likely improve the technology,
thus offering benefits to other users.
Global climatic stability and ecological resilience are
global public goods that require cooperative global
solutions, whereas fossil fuels are market goods that
promote competition and resource struggles. ① The
transition to sustainability demands new energy sources
that are “non-rival,” such as energy from the sun and
wind. ② Unfortunately, international trade institutions
such as the World Trade Organization give priority to
private, market goods and services at the expense of
public goods. ③Countries that cannot afford renewable
energy technologies will continue to burn coal, preventing
the new technologies from helping to address climate
change. ④ Open access to information about renewable
energy technologies is needed to solve this problem.
【문 7】다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.
Research has shown that the most important determinant of
whether one indulges in junk food or healthy snacks at the
office is . As long as you have a healthy snack
within reach, you will not be so tempted to go to the
vending machine. In fact, the typical office worker who is
under pressure to meet a deadline does not take the time to
consider what the most nutritious snack might be. Instead,
most office workers will simply wolf down the closest thing
they can get their hands on. When snacking, the nutritional
value of the contents is not taken into consideration. For
your health, it is necessary that healthy snacks be closer at
hand than unhealthy snacks.
① affordability ② availability
③ applicability ④ compatibility
【문 8】다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?
In 1871, the New York Herald sent Henry Morton Stanley
to Africa in search of David Livingston, the English
missionary. Stanley faced sickness, unfriendly natives,
and starvation in order to find the missionary. This won
Stanley a reputation as one of the bravest men in the
world. Since that time, history books have emphasized
the heroic side of Henry Stanley’s personality, but
Stanley was by no means always a hero; on the contrary,
he could be both cruel and dishonest. When his real
adventures were questioned or greeted with skepticism,
he made up fantastic stories that were little more than
outright lies. Like most men who suffered a great deal,
he considered the world a dangerous battleground where
only the strongest and most brutal could survive. To
protect himself, he used violence. Anyone who didn’t
obey his orders or who seemed to be a threat was
beaten or shot.
① the reasons for sending missionaries
② the life and death of David Livingston
③ the unheroic side of Henry Morton Stanley
④ the search for the lost English missionary
【문 9】주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것은?
Bulimia, the Greek word for hunger, is the name of an
eating disorder that afflicts thousands of people.
(A) Although bulimics used to hide their disease for fear
of ridicule, that is no longer the case today.
(B) Much has been written about this frustrating disease,
and no one considers it as an amusing subject but as
an illness in which patterns of eating are not those of
most people.
(C) Its victims, most often young women, continue to eat
long after their hunger is satisfied, and they keep
eating until they feel overcome by nausea, usually
vomiting after too much eating not to gain weight.
① (B) – (A) – (C) ② (B) – (C) – (A)
③ (C) – (A) – (B) ④ (C) – (B) – (A)
【문 10】(A),(B),(C)에서 문맥에 맞는 낱말로 가장 적절한 것은?
Making the industrial-based global food system possible is
our ever-growing reliance on fossil fuel based technologies
as the basis of fertilizers, pesticides, and methods of
cultivation and transportation. On average, fruits and
vegetables that arrive at tables in North America have
traveled 1,500 miles to get there. On the positive side of
this system is the seemingly (A)[ finite/ infinite ] variety of
produce available all year long that many of us now simply
take for granted. Bananas from the Caribbean, apples from
New Zealand, tomatoes, oranges, and grapes from California
– all available every month of the year. The downside of
this, of course, is the reduction in (B)[ quality/ quantity ]
of many of these varieties as they are picked early,
ripened artificially, and shipped halfway around the world
to be packaged, then shipped again to various places
across the world to awaiting consumers. In a world
experiencing the ever-rising effects of climate change and
decreasing levels of cheap oil, this system is clearly not
(C)[ sustainable / objectionable ].
(A) (B) (C)
① finite quality objectionable
② finite quantity sustainable
③ infinite quality sustainable
④ infinite quantity objectionable
【문 11】밑줄 친 부분에 들어갈 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.
We often forget that the main purpose of criticizing is
not to be negative but to be constructive; to fix
something. But general criticism is destructive. It doesn't
lead anyone to know how to fix things: it just makes
people feel bad. We all have different verbal and visual
styles and conceive different ways to say the same thing.
But, unless you can explain , you haven't
started fixing anything. To help the criticized person
know how to fix what you object to, define exactly what
went wrong and why it is unsatisfactory. Most people are
generally so sensitive to criticism that they'll say, "Yes, I
understand," when they actually don't, just to get the
criticism to end. Specific examples for improvement as
well as specific descriptions of exactly what you mean
are a must.
① literally
② politely
③ specifically
④ differently
【문 12】Svalbard Global Seed Vault에 대해서 일치하는 것은?
The Svalbard Global Seed Vault, a backup to the world’s
1,400 other seed banks, was officially inaugurated in a
ceremony attended by about 150 guests from 33
countries. It’s been a modern Noah’s Ark for plant life
and built to withstand an earthquake or a nuclear attack.
The life storage has the capacity to store 4.5 million
seeds from around the globe, shielding them from climate
change, war, natural disasters and other threats.
Norway’s government owns the giant seed bank in
Svalbard, a frigid island 620 miles from the North Pole.
The Nordic country paid $9.1 million for construction,
which took less than a year. Other countries can deposit
seeds for free and reserve the right to withdraw them
upon need. It was about 5 degrees, but it was colder
inside. Giant air conditioning units have chilled the vault
to just below zero, a temperature at which expert say
many seeds could survive for 1,000 years. And even if
power fails and cuts off the air conditioning, the vault
keeps the seeds cold for 200 years even in the worst
case climate scenario. The vault’s life span is expected
to rival that of Egypt’s ancient pyramids.
① 그것은 전 세계의 종자들은 주로 지진이나 핵 공격으로부터
보호해주는 역할을 한다.
② 다른 나라들은 돈을 내지 않고 그들의 종자를 예치할 수 있
지만 그들이 필요할 때 찾을 수는 없다.
③ 노르웨이의 Svalbard 섬에서 620마일 떨어진 북극에 위치
하고 있다.
④ 그것은 영하로 온도를 유지해주고, 그 영하의 온도에서 종
자들은 1,000년간 생존할 수 있다.
【문 13】밑줄 친 부분 중 어법상 적절하지 않은 것으로 짝지은 것은?
Someone who reads only newspapers and books by
contemporary authors (A)looks to me like a nearsighted
person. He is completely dependent on the prejudices of
his times. And (B)what a person thinks on his own
without (C)being stimulated by the thoughts and
experiences of other people (D)are insignificant and (E)
monotonously. There (F)are only a few enlightened
people with a clear mind and with good taste within a
century.
① A, F
② D, E
③ C, D, F
④ B, E, F
【문 14】다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.
History and poetry were first linked long even before
Aristotle’s time. In the eighth century BC, in his poetic
Iliad, Homer recounted the history of the Trojan War that
had taken place hundreds of years before. Basing his
work on a much earlier oral tradition, Homer describes
how the Greek armies under their king Agamemnon
finally, after a ten-year siege, managed to defeat the
Trojan enemies. As a poet, he made no claims to what
we would think of as historical accuracy, but having left
a record of much earlier times, he was later recognized
as being himself an important historical source. Owing to
a lack of alternative evidence, he was necessarily taken
as such by the great Greek historian Thucydides. Writing
in the fifth century BC, Thucydides used the Homeric
record for his introductory material on ‘pre-historic’
Greece.
① 역사가들이 역사적 사실을 중시하는 이유
② 신화가 문학에서 자리를 잡은 방식
③ 고대 그리스의 사료로써의 시
④ 고대의 시인과 역사가의 역할
【문 15】다음 글에서 전체 흐름과 관계 없는문장은?
Many mothers work because they have no other option.
And they think that there may be some benefits from
their decision to work. Still, though it may be unfair, the
link between absent mothers and overweight children is
increasingly difficult to deny. ① This is true not only in
the United States but also in other countries. ② A 1999
study of obese Japanese 3-year-olds identified “the
mother’s job” as the environmental factor contributing
most to child obesity. ③ In particular, working women are
hesitating to have children for they regard the promotion
at work as more important just like men. ④ The nations
of Europe, as well as Canada and Australia, have all
reported significant increases in childhood obesity in the
last few decades, a time in which mothers increasingly
have left home for work. In short, the children’s obesity
is due to working mothers.
【문 16】(A), (B), (C)에서 문맥에 맞는 낱말로 가장 적절한 것은?
It is sometimes argued that for many women the decision
to work is not as important as that for men because they
work only to provide “extras,” which are often listed as a
second car, a vacation home, restaurant meals ─ items
that can be seen as (A)indispensable / unnecessary. If this
is so, then women can be paid less because their earnings
are not essential and their attachment to the labor force is
occasional. Some other people, however, point out that this
argument is (B)unconvincing / inevitable for two reasons.
First, not all women are one-half of a couple, and
approximately half of all families headed by women live
below the poverty level. Their need for income is as great
as, or greater than, a man’s. But, more importantly, it is
(C)unethical / conventional to pay one individual less than
another individual for the same work.
(A) (B) (C)
① indispensable unconvincing conventional
② indispensable inevitable unethical
③ unnecessary inevitable conventional
④ unnecessary unconvincing unethical
【문 17】멘토링에 대한 필자의 주장으로 가장 적절한 것은?
Mentoring doesn’t always have to be a two-way, or
direct personal contact. I once asked a very successful
person who his mentors were. As he rattled off
recognizable name after name, my incredulity rose.
“Really?” I exclaimed. My friend then explained that
because he grew up rural and poor, there weren’t many
people around who could relate to his hopes, dreams, and
aspirations. Instead, he made a dream list of mentors and
voraciously sought out and read every word they said or
wrote. Later in life, he got to meet some of his mentors
and thank them for the influence they unknowingly had
on his life. If you don’t have a mentor, head to the
bookstore or check in at your local library and take your
pick.
① 책을 통해 간접적으로 얻을 수도 있다.
② 횟수보다는 영향력의 강도가 더 중요하다.
③ 구체적인 분야를 정한 후에 받아야 한다.
④ 주위의 평범한 사람에게서 받는 것이 좋다.
【문 18】다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?
When it comes to making money out of food or drink,
coffee is the king. No other sector produces profits quite
like it. Major coffee roasters are riding on a cash cow
that seemingly never runs out of milk. At the top of the
ladder, things couldn’t be better. But at the bottom, 25
million farmers are sinking deeper and deeper into
poverty. In the space of three years, the price of coffee
on the international market has sunk to its lowest point
in over 100 years. In the last three years alone, the
price of coffee has been cut in half. Coffee is fast
becoming an unprofitable crop and, in order to survive,
coffee farmers in Africa and Latin America are being
forced to grow other crops that bring in more money.
① Why Is Coffee the King of Drink?
② The Global Price Trend of Coffee
③ Coffee: An Empty Cup for Growers
④ Why Is Coffee an Unprofitable Crop?
【문 19】다음 글에서 전체 흐름과 관계 없는문장은?
All living things, plants or animals, need vitamins for
growth, health, and even life. ① Yet all the vitamins
needed by a grown man each day amount to a mass no
larger than a grain of rice. ② Vitamins are not food, so
they neither turn into blood, flesh, and bone nor supply
energy as food stuffs do. ③ Most animals, including
human beings, do not have the ability to produce all the
vitamins that they need. ④ The body uses them like
tools in processes that turn foods into tissues, remove
waste products, and produce energy. Vitamins can be
used over and over, and only tiny amounts are needed to
replace those that break down for some reason.
【문 20】다음 글의 분위기로 가장 적절한 것은?
Peter tiptoed towards his brother Frank's hiding place.
Occasionally the floor made of boards rattled. He bent and
untied the laces and took off his shoes so that he wouldn't
be caught by the soldiers making rounds. At the very
moment his tag slipped out of his pocket and struck the
floor. The metallic sound broke the stillness, which made
him stand still for a moment. He felt as if a host of
cautious feet were moving in his direction from a distance.
But fortunately nobody showed up. On bare feet he moved
unerringly towards the wall behind which his brother was
hiding. No more boards revealed his progress. Instinct told
him he was near the wall, and, extending a hand, he laid
the fingers across his brother's face.
① pleasant and exciting
② peaceful and relaxing
③ silent and tense
④ sad and sorrowful
【문 21】다음 밑줄 친 He[he]가 가리키는 대상이 나머지 셋과 다른 것은?
One day Josper Fant caught Bolivar skinning a
rattlesnake. ① He assumed that Bolivar was merely
going to make himself a rattlesnake belt. However, ② he
happened to turn around as Bolivar sliced the snake right
into the stew-pot, a sight which agitated him greatly. He
had heard that people ate snakes, but had never
expected to do so himself. When he told the other hands
what ③ he had seen, they were so aroused that they
wanted to rope him and drag him through the prickly
pear to improve his manners. But when they approached
Augustus with the information about the snake, ④ he just
laughed at them and gave them a lecture on the cooking
properties of rattlesnake.
【문 22】다음 글의 내용과 일치하는 것을 고르시오.
Alchemy was practiced in many different cultures around
the world, including ancient China, the early Arab world,
and medieval Europe. Up until the late 18th century,
alchemy was considered one of the most important
physical sciences. Alchemists would experiment with the
combination of different elements to produce new
elements. The desire to turn base metals into gold or to
create a potion to extend life became unhealthy
obsessions for many alchemists. This mingling of greed
and science led to permanent damage to alchemy’s
reputation. Ultimately, alchemists never achieved their
goals of turning metals into gold or finding a magic
potion to extend life. Their real successes, however,
were in learning about chemistry and physics. In their
search for other things, they discovered many useful
chemicals and invented scientific processes that we still
use today. For example, they invented gunpowder, they
learned how to test and refine chemicals, and they
created inks, dyes, paints, make-up, glass and ceramics.
So, as spin-offs of their research, their work gave us
many useful products and ideas.
① Alchemy was practiced only in a few parts of the world.
② Alchemists’ greed contributed to enhancing their reputation.
③ Alchemists eventually succeeded in turning metals into gold.
④ Alchemy’s real success lies in the invention of byproducts of
their research.
【문 23】다음 글에 드러난 등장 인물들의 심경 변화로 가장 적절한 것은?
That morning, we woke up early and got ourselves
prepared for the challenging climb. Everyone seemed to
be quite optimistic after a relatively calm night. The
attack group - Ivan, Simon, and James - would leave at
7 a.m. with very light loads to get to the spot we chose
as Camp 2 as soon as possible. The second group would
leave one hour later and carry food, fuel, and equipment
to the next camp. But the plan fell into complete
obscurity. When the attack group were ready with
climbing irons on, we saw an avalanche coming down. It
looked from the distance as small and harmless, but it
grew bigger and bigger as it came down. At that moment
our plans were frozen. Strong winds picked up snow and
pushed it into the route. We could not climb; it would be
like digging our own graves.
① calm → delighted
② nervous → relieved
③ hopeful → discouraged
④ proud → ashamed
【문 24】밑줄 친 it이 가리키는 대상이 나머지 셋과 다른 것은?
We don't exercise our bodies because we have to work
fifteen hours a day at our $60,000 a year jobs. Many of
us take better care of our $20,000 car than our health.
We are allowing ① it to be more important than our
health-and then we wonder why we lose ② it, getting
sick and depressed. In fact, we often don't pay attention
to ③ it until after we have caused ourselves serious
harm, or are in danger from diseases such as cancer.
Only when our health is threatened do we put a
significant value on ④ it. Only when we are in danger of
losing our health do we treasure it.
【문 25】다음 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 어휘의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은?
Perhaps the allure of the lawn is the human genes. The
sociobiologists think so: they’ve gone so far as to propose a
“Savanna Syndrome” to explain our ① fondness for grass.
Encoded in our DNA is a preference for an open grassy
landscape ②resembling the shortgrass savannas of Africa on
which we evolved and spent our first few thousand years. A
grassy plain dotted with trees ③lacks safety from predators
and a suitable environment for grazing animals ; this is said
to explain why we have remade the wooded landscape of
Europe and North America in the image of East Africa.
Thorstein Veblen, too, thought the popularity of lawns might
be a throwback to our ④pastoral roots. “The close-cropped
lawn,” he wrote in The Theory of the Leisure Class, “is
beautiful in the eyes of a people whose inherited bent it is
to readily find pleasure in contemplating a well-preserved
pasture or grazing land.”