【문 1】다음 글에서 필자가 주장하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은? Traditionally, science has been taught as a set of factual knowledge sometimes used only to fill some empty time at the end of the day. Science is much more than the stud..
【문 1】다음 글에서 필자가 주장하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은?
Traditionally, science has been taught as a set of factual
knowledge sometimes used only to fill some empty time at the
end of the day. Science is much more than the study of facts
and acquisition of scientific knowledge. It involves observing,
predicting, testing, and discovering what certain results might
mean. Students can achieve a better understanding of
scientific concepts if they are allowed and encouraged to
actively participate in the scientific process. That is, in order
for students to truly understand scientific concepts, we must
provide an activity-based approach to the science curriculum.
This goal should be met by allowing students to participate in
hands-on scientific investigations that require students to put
the scientific process into practice in order to answer a
scientific question.
①과학은 관찰, 예측, 발견의 순서로 학습되어야 한다.
②과학적 개념은 사실적 지식을 통해 설명되어야 한다.
③과학 수업은 학생의 참여와 활동을 통해 이루어져야 한다.
④교사는 과학적 문제 제기와 해결에 초점을 두고 가르쳐야 한다.
【문 2】다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.
Bertrand Russell always thought of himself as a skeptic. At
the same time he never doubted that human life could be
transformed by the use of reason. The two points of view do
not easily coexist. Among the ancient Greeks, skepticism was
a path to inner tranquility, not a program of social change. In
early modern times, Montaigne revived skepticism in order to
justify his withdrawal from public affairs. For Russell such
withdrawal was unthinkable. He was a scion of a noble Whig
family – his grandfather Lord John Russell had brought in the
Great Reform Act that started England on the path to
democracy in 1832. Reform was in his blood. It was natural,
then, that he should try to show that skepticism and a belief
in the possibility of progress need not be at odds. The result
is a collection of some of the most beautifully written and
engaging essays in the English language, in which he tries to
show that .
① reform should be made gradually
② skepticism finally leads to decadence
③ skeptical doubt can change the world
④ knowledge is acquired through rational reasoning
【문 3】주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것은?
When a nation builds an empire by conquering and ruling
other countries, it is practicing imperialism. Today almost
no one is in favor of imperialism.
(A) Those who felt this way usually had the racist idea that
Africans and Asians were “inferior” to Europeans. Because
the Industrial Revolution had not yet reached Africa and Asia,
they did not have factories, steam engines, or railroads.
(B) However, in the 1800s, in Europe and especially in Great
Britain, the idea of improving people by ruling over them
was extremely popular. Many English people felt that it was
Britain’s destiny to rule over much of the world, and that
Britain had the right to rule because of its superior culture.
(C) Imperialists used this as evidence that Africans and
Asians were “backward” or “primitive.” They thought it was
the duty of Europeans, like the British, to bring their
“superior” way of life to non-European peoples.
① (A) – (C) – (B) ② (B) – (A) – (C)
③ (B) – (C) – (A) ④ (C) – (A) – (B)
【문 4】본문의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?
Dear Mr. Moore
As you may already know, the National Association of Advertisers
will be holding its annual convention. Our records indicate that your
company has been an active participant in our last five annual
conventions and we are looking forward to seeing you again at the
gathering next year. Our main theme will be “Advertising in a
Virtual World.” But as usual we are looking for a variety of
participants that represent the entire spectrum of advertising
activity. Although the convention is still nine months away, it isn’t
too early to reserve space on the exhibition floor or time slots for
presentations. If your company is planning on taking part as an
exhibitor or presenter, please fill out the attached form and return
it to us as soon as possible. Bear in mind that exhibition space and
presentation times are allotted on a first come, first served basis
to those who put down a small holding fee, with the balance due
60 days before the convention begins. Also, there is a substantial
15 % discount for early registration. We look forward to hearing
from you and to seeing you next July.
Sincerely, Clarence Dalton
Convention Committee Chairman
① This is not the first time for the National Association of
Advertisers to hold a convention.
② Only one theme will be addressed in the convention.
③ Nine months is left before the convention is held.
④ Fee is required to reserve exhibition space or presentation time.
【문 5】다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?
As immigrants poured into industrialized nations and took jobs
that had formerly been filled by children and teenagers, young
people became economic liabilities rather than assets or, as one
person put it, “economically worthless but emotionally priceless.”
Moreover, the increasingly complex technology of industrial
operations placed a premium on obtaining an educated labor
force. So laws were passed in the late 19th century to restrict
child labor and make schooling compulsory. Suddenly teens were
spending much of their time surrounded by age-mates and
separated from adults. And as they hung out with friends and
developed their own colorful “peer cultures,” teenagers came to
be viewed as a distinct class of individuals — those who had
clearly emerged from the innocence of childhood but who were
not yet ready to assume adult responsibilities.
① Incomplete Abolition of Illegal Child Labor
② Influence of Peer Culture on Teens’ Behavior
③ Industrialization and Invention of Adolescence
④ Adolescents’ Responsibilities in the 19th Century
【문 6】다음 글에서 전체적인 흐름과 관계없는 문장은?
Much environmental change has unintended consequences
for disease patterns, with disease often following in the
wake of environmental disruptions. ① After the Indian
Ocean tsunami of 2004, for instance, tetanus may have
caused hundreds of deaths. ② The emotional impact that
the tsunami had on tourists, the uncertainty of the weather
patterns in the region, and the high death tolls, kept
tourists from making plans to visit this area. ③ Airborne,
waterborne, and vector-borne disease outbreaks can also
follow events such as hurricanes, earthquakes, or floods,
although the threat of disease outbreaks related to
environmental hazards is often overestimated. ④ Far more
significant are subtler, longer-term environmental changes
such as deforestation, climate change, and biodiversity
loss that are having significant and persistent impacts on
disease patterns.
【문 7】다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.
There is so much to be done in our world. It is easy to
spend so much energy on all the things that need to be done
that we end up with no time left for our family or ourselves.
But, it’s important to understand that, if we fail to balance
our lives, we’ll burn out. The most productive time in the
cycle of many plants is the dormant season, when it appears
that nothing is going on, but the plants are being prepared
for new, healthy growth. Without that season of dormancy,
there will be no season of productivity. We all need a
season of rest and restoration occasionally. If we rob
ourselves of that season, we also rob ourselves of the
season of new growth and productivity that follows.
① the necessity of rest
② setting priorities for tasks
③ balancing time and money
④ the outcomes of new growth
【문 8】다음 글의 요지로 적절한 것은?
I understand now that all the antique essays and stories with
which I was to compare my own work were not magnificent
for their antiqueness or foreignness, but for saying precisely
what their authors meant them to say. My teachers wished
me to write accurately, always selecting the most effective
words, and relating the words to one another unambiguously,
rigidly, like parts of a machine. The teachers did not want to
turn me into an Englishman after all. They hoped that I would
become understandable – and therefore understood. And there
went my dream of doing with words what Pablo Picasso did
with paint or what any number of jazz idols did with music. If
I broke all the rules of punctuation, had words mean
whatever I wanted them to mean, and strung them together
higgledy piggledy, I would simply not be understood. So you,
too, had better avoid Picasso-style or jazz-style writing, if
you have something worth saying.
① Authors should develop their own original writing styles.
② The yardstick for literary works should vary according to age.
③ Being artistically cultured is prerequisite for good writing.
④ Accurate expression is needed to make oneself understood
by means of words.
【문 9】주어진 문장이 들어가기에 적절한 곳은?
The process of agriculture, the food we eat, the clothes
we wear and our social relations were all at one time
under the domain of religion and its high priests.
Belief in a supreme being does not always play the uplifting
and civilizing role that it did in the past. (A) Religion,
though it has undoubtedly brought comfort to innumerable
human beings and stabilized society by its values, has
checked the tendency to change and progress inherent in
human society. (B) However, as knowledge advances, the
domain of religion shrinks. The more we understand life
and nature, the less we look for supernatural causes. (C)
Whatever we can understand and control ceases to be a
mystery. (D) Gradually they have passed out of its control
and become subjects for scientific study.
① A ② B ③ C ④ D
【문 10】(A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현으로 가장 적절한 것은?
A new study suggests that men are more physically
attracted to a woman if she wears red clothes. Researchers
at the University of Rochester in New York
(A)[conducting/conducted] different experiments to find out
the effects of color on human relationships. Researchers
asked more than 100 men to give a score to photographs of
women. The men had to rate the women according to how
pretty they were, how much the men would like to kiss
them, their intelligence, and how (B) [kind/kindly] they
looked. They also had to provide details of what kind of
date they would like to take the women out. The results
showed that the women in the pictures who wore red scored
higher and were more likely to (C)[take/be taken] out on an
expensive date. The data showed the color red made no
impact on the scores for intelligence and kindness.
(A) (B) (C)
① conducted …… kindly …… take
② conducted …… kind …… be taken
③ conducting …… kind …… take
④ conducting …… kindly …… be taken
【문 11】주어진 문장이 들어가기에 적절한 곳은?
This is of great benefit, since more of the land mass can
be used for homes or other purposes.
Waves can be many meters in height and contain a great deal
of energy to generate electricity. Wave energy has the
potential to provide as much renewable energy as the wind
industry. ① Moving water carries a much greater power
density than wind or solar radiation because it is denser. ②
While many power stations take up lots of precious land, wave
power generators reside around the coast line and use space
in the ocean. ③ Furthermore, without a need for fossil fuels,
and with no harmful chemicals released, wave power stations
do not pollute our atmosphere or deplete the earth's supply of
non-renewable fuels. ④ They are also quiet in operation with
many turbines emitting less noise than a vacuum cleaner, so
there is practically no noise pollution either.
【문 12】다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?
Some biologists have explained how evolution can lead to
greater and greater degrees of . Repeatedly in the
history of life, replicators have teamed up, specialized to divide
the labor, and coordinated their behavior. It happens because
replicators often find themselves in non-zero-sum games, in
which particular strategies adopted by two players can leave
them both better off, as opposed to a zero-sum game, where
one player’s profit is another player’s loss. An exact analogy is
found in the play by William Butler Yeats in which a blind man
carries a lame man on his shoulders, allowing both of them to
get around. During the evolution of life this dynamic has led
replicating molecules to team up in chromosomes, cell organs
to team up in cells, cells to form into complex organisms, and
organisms to hang out in societies.
① fertility ② accuracy ③ resistance ④ cooperation
【문 13】주어진 문장 다음에 이어질 문장을 적절하게 배열한 것은?
Why do we continue to think of negotiation as a win-lose
proposition?
(A) Such an attitude is difficult to break out of because
hard bargaining may have worked in the past, so
changing to something that is seen as weak or
emotional is not very appealing. Negotiators often feel
that any change would compromise their principles.
(B) But being flexible does not require compromising
principles for the sake of an agreement. Being flexible
means protecting and fulfilling your own interests,
while finding creative ways to minimally satisfy the
interests of others as well.
(C) Certainly in our society we learn to win at games,
beat opponents, and get the best grades or deal,
regardless of anyone else’s needs.
① A-C-B ② B-A-C ③ B-C-A ④ C-A-B
【문 14】다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?
The Incas once ruled a great empire that covered a large part
of South America. The empire was more than five hundred
years old when Spanish explorers arrived in the sixteenth
century. The Incas were an advanced people. They were
skillful engineers who paved their roads and built strong
bridges. Even though they did not know about the wheel, the
Incas were able to move huge stone blocks – some as heavy
as ten tons – up the sides of mountains to build walls. These
walls have stood firm through great storms and earthquakes
that destroyed many modern buildings. The Incas were great
artists, too. Today, Incan pottery is prized for its wonderful
designs. And since both gold and silver were in great supply,
the Incas created splendid objects from these precious metals.
① 16세기에 스페인 탐험가들이 잉카 제국에 도착했다.
② 잉카인들은 도로를 닦는 기술을 가지고 있었다.
③ 잉카인들이 세운 장벽은 폭풍우로 인해 대부분 파괴되었다.
④ 잉카 제국의 도자기는 예술적 가치가 뛰어나다.
【문 15】다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린것은?
As life ① becomes more complex, many people find ②
difficult to fall asleep and are more likely to suffer from
insomnia. Almost all of us, for example, have experienced
transient insomnia – temporary periods of sleeplessness. This
type of insomnia usually disappears when the cause of stress
or anxiety ③ is eliminated. Chronic insomnia, however,
involves long periods – from three months to a year or more.
The typical sufferers of chronic insomnia are females ④ in
their mid-twenties. However, this type of insomnia can affect
anyone at any age, and it usually persists even when the
particular stress or tension has disappeared.
【문 16】주어진 문장이 들어가기에 적절한 곳은?
That's an insightful analogy, for just as your muscles
weaken without physical exercise, so does your soul without
its special kinds of exercise.
If you lack stimulating interaction with others, your soul
shrinks. Really, it's only through connecting with other
human beings that you learn about the world, about
yourself, and even about your destiny. ① This
interconnection enables you to reach your full potential and
to strengthen your soul. ② The Trappist monk Thomas
Merton once wrote: "Souls are like athletes who need
opponents worthy of them if they are to be tried and
extended and pushed to the full use of their powers." ③ A
great exercise for your soul is the practice of giving. ④
As with physical exercise, the more you do it, the easier it
is, and the stronger you will become.
【문 17】다음 글의 제목으로 적절한 것은?
The self-perpetuation nature of poverty has attracted the
interest of both social scientists and policy makers. A
number of anthropologists, notably Oscar Lewis, argue that
poverty is not just an economic condition but a way of life
that tends to perpetuate itself by failing to provide its
members with the values and skills necessary to be
successful in the larger society. According to Lewis, the
culture of poverty is an adaptation of the poor to their
marginal position in stratified, capitalistic societies. Some of
the characteristics of this “culture” are lack of participation
in the cultural and social institutions of the larger society,
chronic shortage of cash and the absence of savings, low
levels of education, mistrust of government and fear of the
police, early sexual experience and a high rate of children
born out of wedlock, and families centered on the mother,
with fathers weak or absent.
① Which Skills Do the Poor Need?
② Are the Poor Really Unhappy?
③ Why Do the Poor Continue to Be Poor?
④ How Can the Poor Overcome Poverty?
【문 18】다음 글의 상황에 나타난 분위기로 가장 적절한 것은?
The storm season was long past. The days, as they came,
were cloudless and untroubled. Each day broke like a clap of
thunder and night fell softly as a football. The sea was
sparkling and pleasant. The sun’s rays were unbroken in their
violence. At night the Southern Cross twinkled down like
friendly eyes, luring Andrew on; and torch fishes darted up
from the lower depths while the black waters gleamed with
strange lights. Gradually as the canoe entered some other
current of the sea, the wind dropped off and diminished. It
drifted on the slow, majestic tide. The ceaseless heave and
surge of the sea lulled the boy to a half-sleeping rest; the
murmur of the waters playing about the bow sounded like his
mother’s reassuring voice.
① serious and solemn
② lively and festive
③ calm and peaceful
④ exciting and thrilling
【문 19】빈 칸에 들어갈 것으로 적절한 것은?
Nelson Mandela is a good case study of the embodied sense
of freedom. In the more than twenty-three years he was
imprisoned, often in solitary confinement, he chose to befriend
his jailers. He reached out to them as unique individuals with
their own personal struggles. Rather than attempting to be
invulnerable and stoic, he chose to be human. His jailers
began to experience him as a human being. Their
preconceived biases as they came to admire
Mandela and finally trust him as a fellow human being whose
struggles were not unlike their own.
① faded in ② piled up ③ took effect ④ melted away
【문 20】다음 밑줄 친 부분 중 어법상 적절한 것은?
There is an important difference between being fans of a
group and being part of a crowd, even when the members
of a crowd are all there for the same reason and ① feeling
the same passion. Fan behavior is a different form of social
affiliation. Some people refer to this as social identity
theory. They argue that people often derive a large sense
of who they are from an alliance with specific groups and
tend to associate themselves closely with groups. By sports
teams, fans are made ② feel like they are part of a vast,
powerful organizations. This is especially true when the
teams are winning. Fans boast of their connection with
victorious teams much more loudly because at some level
they believe that being associated in a concrete way with
such teams ③ makes them ④ to look better.
【문 21】다음 중 Turner의 심경변화로 가장 적절한 것은?
Turner took a step back. Then he ran. As he foundered
across the furrows the attack was coming in. A bomb fell
on the road, way over in the center of the village, where
the lorries were. But one screech hid another, and it hit
the field before he could go down. The blast lifted him
forward several feet and drove him face-first into the soil.
When he came to, his mouth and nose and ears were filled
with dirt. He could not spit or swallow, he could not easily
breathe, and he could not think. But the woods were near,
there would be streams and waterfalls and lakes in there.
He imagined a paradise. He kept on toward the woods.
After a while, the planes were gone and from the direction
of the road came blasts of a whistle for the all-clear. The
silence over the fields and trees and the village came back
and he could hear the birdsong.
① nervous — satisfied
② irritated — regretful
③ hopeful — desperate
④ frightened — relieved
【문 22】밑줄 친 He[he]가 가리키는 대상이 나머지 넷과 다른것은?
John Gunther, the author of the bestselling “Inside” books,
was working on a series of articles on mental hospitals. ① He
visited institutions, and talked to supervisors, attendants, and
patients. A friend of mine was with him, giving some small
assistance in the research, and ② he told me they must have
walked countless miles building to building, day after day. Mr.
Gunther filled notebooks. Back in his office, ③ he stacked up
government, state and private hospital reports, as well as
large volumes of statistics. “In the end,” my friend told me,
“④ he wrote four short articles, simple enough to make good
speeches. The paper on which they were typed weighed,
perhaps, a few ounces. The filled notebooks, and everything
else he used as the basis for theses few ounces of product,
must have weighed twenty pounds.”
【문 23】다음 중 나머지 셋과 성격이 다른 것은?
In the 1990s, supermodel Cindy Crawford was the perfect American
dream girl: slim, tanned and natural-looking, with long, shiny hair.
People have described her as “The Face of the Decade.” But
people have not always had the same ideas about beauty. Until the
1920s, suntans were for poor people. Ladies stayed out of the sun
to keep their faces as pale as possible; and in the age of Queen
Elizabeth, fashionable ladies painted their faces with lead to make
them whiter. Cindy Crawford’s hair would not have been popular in
the 18th century, either. Ladies in those days never went out
without their wigs which were so enormous and dirty that mice
could have lived in them. And the beautiful women painted by
Rubens in the 17th century would have to diet for months to
become one of today’s super-models. Ideas of beauty are not only
different in time but also in place. Brad Pitt, considered to be the
ideal man in the U.S., might have a hard time attracting women of
the Dinka tribe of Sudan. The Dinkas believe that “big is beautiful”
and each year men compete to win the title of “the fattest man.”
The winner is sure to find a wife easily because for the Dinkas
fatness is a sign of wealth and power.
① Cindy Crawford in the 1990s
② suntanned ladies before the 1920s
③ Rubens’ beauties in the 17th century
④ the fattest man in the Dinka tribe
【문 24】다음 글의 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?
In the United States, fashion as an upper-class phenomenon
can be documented from records of the seventeenth and
eighteenth centuries. During this time, fashions identified a
person’s wealth and position in society. (A) , with the
Industrial Revolution in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries,
the development of technology for manufacturing clothing and
factories for mass production made fashionable clothing
available to a larger part of the population. Developments in
mass marketing and communications in the twentieth century
have further increased the variety of fashions available to
virtually the entire population. (B) , although upper-class
leaders undoubtedly played important roles in early fashion
history, many authorities argue that their role in the fashion
process has diminished in modern society.
(A) (B)
① In other words …… Instead
② However …… Instead
③ Besides …… By contrast
④ However …… Therefore
【문 25】적절한 어휘로 짝지어진 것을 고르시오.
We often overlook various aspects of our lives that are
desperate for attention until they become full-blown crises.
Or we (A) [accept/ neglect] new ideas that could further our
growth simply because they do not fit within the general
framework of our preconceived notions and self-concepts. An
enormous amount of time is spent simply reacting. It is as if we
were robots programmed to respond on cue to whatever
demands the least time and attention, and disregard anything
that requires extra time and energy to think. We (B) [ skim /
pore ] over the surface thoughtlessly. But we must acknowledge
that thinking well is a time-consuming process. We can't expect
(C) [lasting / instant] results. We have to slow down a bit and
take the time to contemplate. It is the only path to a more
meaningful and efficient existence.
(A) (B) (C)
① neglect skim instant
② neglect pore lasting
③ accept skim instant
④ accept pore lasting