영어 모의고사 제 4회 문제
【문 1】밑줄 친 부분이 가리키는 대상이 나머지 넷과 다른
것은?
Organic farmers grow crops that are no less plagued by
pests than those of conventional famers. It is true that
they are far more likely than conventional farmers to
practice environmentally beneficial forms of biological
control, and ① they are also more likely to sensibly
diversify their crops to reduce infestation. However,
organic farmers have no choice but to rely on chemicals
as necessary supplements to ② their operations. With
pests often consuming up to 40 percent of the crops
grown in the United States, ③ they do so as a matter of
course. They might refer to these substances as
“botanical extracts” or “biorationals.” But according to
Ned Groth, a senior scientist at Consumers Union, these
toxins, “are not necessarily less worrisome because ④
they are natural.”
【문 2】다음 글에 드러난 I 의 심경으로 가장 적절한 것은?
I awoke the next morning to the sound of Jess's reedy
voice calling me to breakfast I didn't rouse myself
quickly. I just let my mind, in its own deliberate manner,
slide into a new day by gradually shifting sounds into
focus. I kept my eyelids shut as long as I could until they
slowly fluttered open, revealing the light of the sun
burning brightly through my open curtains. How could one
ask for a more beautiful day or better beginning? I felt
peace, for the future held only goodness. I didn't clutter
my mind with details. A wonderful sense of satisfaction
drifted through the air, the ultimate embodiment of
happiness. I dressed and followed my nose, which in turn
followed the aroma of breakfast drifting up through the
opening in the floor where the ladder protruded.
① irritated
② confused
③ content
④ depressed
【문 3】빈 칸에 들어갈 적절한 것은?
At the time of purchasing expensive items, salespeople
are apt to offer you peace of mind in the form of an
extended warranty. But such warranties - about sixty to
three hundred dollars for three years' coverage,
depending on the product - are rarely a good investment.
The main reason: most high-priced items are dependable
anyway. Also costs of the extended warranty are likely to
be about the same as any repair cost during the
warranty's coverage. So the purchase of an extended
warranty is .
① justifiable ② avoidable
③ superfluous ④ reproachable
【문 4】다음 글의 주제로 적절한 것은?
Every large new wave of immigration has caused
Americans to fear that fewer jobs would be available for
them because the increase in population would mean more
people seeking the same number of jobs. They have
voiced the fear that immigrants are willing to work for
lower wages and to accept worse working conditions than
U.S. citizens, which makes immigrants more attractive
employees. However, data from economic and sociological
studies show that immigrants mostly take jobs that U.S.
citizens would leave vacant. In other words, immigrants
and U.S. citizens are seldom in direct competition for the
same jobs. It is also common for immigrants to open their
own businesses, which creates jobs directly and
indirectly. The money immigrants spend on food, clothing,
housing, and other goods also stimulates local economies
and creates jobs. Overall, immigration creates more jobs
than it fills.
① pros and cons on influx of foreign investments
② the crisis of human relationship in Unites States
③ Americans’ hostility toward the foreign workers
④ immigrants as fellow citizens, not as job competitors
【문 5】밑줄 친 부분 중 어법상 옳지 않은 것은?
Tragedy causes us to re-evaluate our lives, giving us
another opportunity to get it right. Without the tragedy
we may not have bothered to reconsider how things
were going. Only through the pain ① we felt from the
tragedy ② we can clearly see the hope. From the
discomfort, we can measure the joy. The opportunity we
get from tragedy can also force us to live more in the
present because we’ve learned how precious life is. It
makes us ③ not want to miss a thing. Instead of
listening with half an ear when our children speak, we
may stop ④ what we’re doing and appreciate their
message. Instead of getting angry in traffic, we may
choose to enjoy the music on the stereo.
【문 6】다음 글의 목적으로 가장 적절한 것은?
To Whom It May Concern,
I have just received the November statement on my
charge account (No. 059-3676). The statement lists a
purchase for $83.95, including tax, which I am sure I did
not make. This purchase was supposedly made in Green
Department Store on November 12. But because I was out
of town the week of the twelfth and no one else is
authorized to use my account, I am sure the charge is in
error. I have checked all the other items on the statement
against my sales receipts, and they all seem to be
correct. I am, therefore, deducting the $83.95 from the
balance on the statement and sending you a check for$155.75. I would appreciate your looking into this matter
so that my account may be cleared.
Sincerely yours,
Rosetta Falco
① 계좌이체 한도를 재설정하려고
② 현금 영수증 발급 거부를 고발하려고
③ 청구된 금액의 오류 수정을 요구하려고
④ 새로운 세금 우대 금융 상품을 홍보하려고
【문 7】다음 글의 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한
것은?
What a person can or cannot do at work depends on
what is considered morally right, or even on what
happens to be fashionable at the time. For example,
medical knowledge has been hindered by religious orders
against cutting open the human body. (A) , Indian and
Chinese physicians, who had developed sophisticated
medical knowledge more than two thousand years ago,
never had a chance to study the internal structure and
function of organs. Western medicine was also slowed by
the prohibition against doing autopsies until well into the
fourteenth century, but afterward it became increasingly
permissible to analyze the body’s internal workings.
(B) , Western physicians caught up with and then
surpassed their counterparts in Asia.
(A) (B)
① For this reason Moreover
② For this reason Thus
③ To begin with Moreover
④ In addition To sum up
【문 8】다음 글의 내용과 일치하는 것은?
In the new era of lengthening unemployment lines,
questions about the importance of the humanities in a
complex and technologically demanding world have taken
on new urgency. Previous economic downturns have led
to decreased enrollment in the disciplines loosely grouped
under the term "humanities." But the critical thinking,
civic and historical knowledge, and ethical reasoning that
the humanities develop are prerequisites for personal
growth and participation in a free society. "Although
people in humanities have always lamented the neglect
and derision of the field, they have never feared that it
would truly become irrelevant," said the director of
American studies at Columbia University.
① People still appreciate the importance of humanities in
this time of economic woe.
② Skills developed within the realm of humanities still
have social value.
③ More and more students are enrolling in humanities
disciplines.
④ People in humanities have always been satisfied with
its status.
【문 9】(A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 문맥에 맞는 낱말
로 가장 적절한 것은?
The process of reading is a process of meaning-creation
by integrating one’s own needs, understanding, and
expectations with a written text. Each student will have a
different need, understanding, and expectation, so each
student will derive a slightly (A) distinctive / identical
message from reading a particular book or poem. But the
text itself will be constructed on the basis of conventions
which may or may not be directly accessible to the
student, and some of these conventions will, if
misinterpreted, so (B) complement / distort the meaning
that the text will be perceived as incomprehensible, or
irrelevant. There is no point in leaving students to grope
their way towards understanding without direct
intervention to (C) clarify / conceal what might remain
unaccessible for so long that they will abandon literature
in frustration if they are not helped.
(A) (B) (C)
① distinctive complement clarify
② identical distort conceal
③ identical complement conceal
④ distinctive distort clarify
【문 10】다음 중 어법상 적절하지 않은 것은?
What are the consequences of the evaluative bias of
language? The words that we use, with or without
intention, ① become powerful instruments of change. In
those instances where we are attempting to influence
others to agree with our point of view, we intentionally
select words that most ② persuasively communicate our
values. Our best attempts to remain neutral are restricted
by the limits of language. When it comes to ③ describing
people, it is nearly impossible to find words that are
empty of evaluative meaning. ④ Incredibly as it may
seem, we simply don’t have neutral adjectives to describe
personality characteristics.
【문 11】빈 칸에 들어갈 내용으로 적절한 것은?
People who have made creative contributions to the arts
and sciences are usually ascribing their success primarily
to the fact that they __________________________________.
Paolo Uccello, the great Renaissance painter who was one
of the discoverers of how to represent three-dimensional
objects on flat surfaces, used to wake up at night in his
cold small room in Florence and walk back and forth,
crying out loud: "What a lovely thing perspective is!"
meanwhile annoying his sleepy wife no end. Albert
Michelson, the first American to win a Nobel Prize in
physics, spent his entire adult life devising more andmore precise ways of measuring the speed of light. When
he was asked in his old age why he had done so, he
answered, "It was so much fun!" What these anecdotes
suggest is that a person would not invest mental energy
in the usually frustrating goal of breaking new ground
unless he or she derived profound satisfaction from the
activity.
① tried their best
② enjoyed their work
③ had rivals to compete with
④ changed their strategies quickly
【문 12】주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한
것은?
[ Most students experience role conflict when they get
double messages from parents, peers or teachers. For
example, girls often get the double messages to be
achievers and to be popular and feminine. ]
(A)Boys get double messages as well. They are supposed to
be achievers, yet be strong and muscular athletes. The
choices may affect their later careers and their lives.
(B)Frequently, they lose IQ points in an attempt to do
the latter, hiding their abilities and trying to look more
feminine and attractive. Age 14 appears to be a
critical period for them.
(C)If they are interested in music or poetry, but not
sports, they may suffer considerable tease or rejection
from their group, especially if they are small or thin.
① (A)-(B)-(C) ② (A)-(C)-(B)
③ (B)-(A)-(C) ④ (B)-(C)-(A)
【문 13】다음 글에서 필자가 주장하는 바로 가장 적절한 것
은?
A U.S. National Industrial Strategy would acknowledge
the importance of minorities to America’s economic
future. When minorities become the majority of the
workforce, the supply chains, and the entrepreneurial
economy, their success in creating wealth will determine
the fortunes of the nation and everybody within it. To
date, the odds have been stacked against minority
economic success. We once denied minorities access to
ballot boxes, lunch counters, and drinking fountains. Now
we deny them access to good educational opportunities,
capital, and all but token business opportunities.
Minorities do not contribute to the U.S. economy in
proportion to their representation in the U.S. population
because they cannot. The motive to own successful
businesses is strong enough, but many barriers remain
intact. This situation needs to change.
① 인구 급증을 막는 정책이 필요하다.
② 미국의 미래 운명은 교육의 질에 달려 있다.
③ 문화적 다양성을 인정함으로써 소수집단을 보호해야 한다.
④ 미국 경제에 대한 소수민족의 기여를 가로막는 장벽을 깨뜨
려야 한다.
【문 14】(A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 어법에 맞는 표
현으로 가장 적절한 것은?
Constantly reacting to events rather than being prepared for
them (A) mark / marks those who lack initiative. The failure
to anticipate what’s coming means operating in crisis mode.
Such workers tend to fall behind and are continually forced to
handle emergencies they did not foresee. All of this – as well
as procrastination and not taking action in a timely way –
indicates a basic failure to plan for or anticipate (B) that /
what lies ahead. In contrast, proactivity pays off. Real estate
agents can simply wait for the phone to ring, or they can
scour classified ads for houses being sold by owners and
approach them to list the houses with their agency. They can
screen prospective buyers to ensure they spend their time
with (C) them / those most serious about purchasing a house.
Such acts of initiative result in a greater number of listings, a
greater number of houses sold, and larger commissions.
(A) (B) (C)
① mark that them
② mark what those
③ marks that them
④ marks what those
【문 15】다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다.
빈칸 (A)와 (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?
Though no age of life escapes feelings of loneliness, a
particular society can contribute strongly to such feelings.
In today’s consumer society, people are encouraged to
judge themselves by the things they have. We are so
flooded by absurd advertising that we fail to reflect on
what such advertising is really telling us. Pick any
commercial on television and assume a critical distance
from it. Ask yourself the following questions: What is the
commercial saying about me? To what is it appealing in
me? By what values is it asking me to live? It may be
telling me that I am what I have. We can start judging
people, both others and ourselves, by their property, their
financial success, their clothes, or the size and price of
their automobiles. This induces loneliness.
è Too much irrational advertising in a consumer-based
society (A) loneliness because the value of
personal existence is judged by the (B)
accumulated.
(A) (B)
① fosters commercials
② fosters possessions
③ relieves commercials④ relieves possessions
【문 16】(A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 문맥에 맞는 낱
말로 가장 적절한 것은?
In a study of 7,400 employees in London, those who felt
they had to meet deadlines imposed by someone else and
had little say in how they did their work had a 50 percent
higher risk of developing symptoms of coronary heart
disease than those with more job (A) experience /
flexibility. Feeling little control over the demands and
pressures of the work we have to do holds as great a risk
of heart disease as risk factors like hypertension. That is
why, of all the relationships we have at work, the one
with our (B) superior / subordinate has the greatest
impact on our emotional and physical health. When
volunteers at a British colds research unit were exposed
to a cold virus and followed for five days to see who
would get sick, it turned out that those entangled in social
tensions were the most susceptible. An isolated tough day
at the office was not a problem, but having persistent
trouble with a boss was stressful enough to (C) raise /
lower immune resilience.
(A) (B) (C)
① experience superior raise
② experience subordinate raise
③ flexibility superior lower
④ flexibility subordinate raise
【문 17】다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?
Every normal person wants to feel good about him – or
herself. It is easy to accept compliments on our
successes and to have self-confidence because of our
strengths. But feeling too secure because of one’s
strengths and superiorities can prove disastrous. It is
a dangerous half-truth that we are made great by our
superior abilities and destroyed by our inferior ones.
History is rich in examples of persons who have been
spoiled by the same strengths that earlier led to their
successes and achievements. When relied upon too
heavily, the strength a person skillfully uses to win
acclaim in one realm can . The
intellect a leader uses, for example, to outwit an
adversary is frequently found to be the source of an
unbearable attitude of superiority that colleagues and
immediate subordinates cannot abide.
① make up for other weaknesses
② help to gain credit from others
③ easily lead to their ruin in another
④ bring others unexpected happiness
【문 18】다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이
적절하지 않은 것은?
We can assume that in interacting with patients, friendly
doctors are more likely than ① dominant doctors to
take into account the views, feelings, and
expectations the patients have about themselves, their
illnesses, and their doctors. To the patients, illness is
② unusual, as if does not happen to them every day,
and their suffering is a highly emotional reality. Thus,
they expect their doctors to show a great deal of
concern. They obviously want a cure, but they also ③
crave emotional support. If doctors attune themselves
to these expectations, they can develop warm
relationships with their patients. But this is no easy
task because physicians have been trained to take a
④ passionate approach to disease. They have learned
to view patients unemotionally, especially when
performing surgery, which involves inserting their
hands in diseased strangers without losing their
nerve.
【문 19】다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은?
Studies show that optimists live longer, healthier lives
than pessimists, even when the pessimists’ view of life is
more accurate. We could go on with endless quotes of
famous people talking about all the things they worried
about that never happened. My friend Dr. Karl Menninger
said, “Attitudes are more important than facts.” That is
why what we tell ourselves is extremely significant and
helps to shape our destiny. If our self-talk gives us hope
and a positive outlook, we will live very different lives
than if we await trouble and think that bad things always
follow the good. You know the old saying, “What you see
is what you get.” Your attitude determines what you see,
so always look on the bright side. The choice is yours.
① 순간의 선택이 인간의 운명을 결정한다.
② 건전한 정신은 건강한 신체에서 비롯된다.
③ 낙관적인 태도는 삶에 긍정적인 영향을 미친다.
④ 낙관론자들의 판단이 비관론자들보다 더 정확하다.
【문 20】다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을
고르시오.
One of the fundamental principles in the study of natural
hazards is that will intensify the effect
of a hazard. In some cases, this intensification may cause
a disaster to become a catastrophe. For example, when
the Colombian volcano Nevado del Ruiz erupted in 1845, a
mudflow roared down the east slope of the mountain and
killed approximately 1,000 people. Deposits from that
event produced rich soils in the Lagunilla River valley,
enticing people to move there and establish farms. The
town of Armero became the agricultural center for thevalley, and by 1985 had grown to a population of 23,000.
On November 13, 1985, a small eruption of Nevado del
Ruiz produced another deadly mudflow that buried
Armero, leaving about 21,000 people dead or missing and
inflicting more than $200 million in property damage. In
the 140 years between the two mudflows, the increase in
population multiplied the death toll by more than 20 times.
① agricultural methods
② a population increase
③ global climate changes
④ multiple natural disasters
【문 21】Bearded seals에 관한 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지
않는 것은?
Bearded seals are a pack ice species. Generally, they
are found in ice-filled waters throughout the year. They
are known to come ashore to rest, particularly at the time
of peak molting in midsummer. Bearded seals are not
deep divers; they feed in shallow, often coastal, areas and
hence normally are not required to dive to depths more
than 100m. Pups dive to much greater depths up to 450m
during their first year, but older, experienced animals
remain in shallow water where most of their benthic prey
resides. Most dives are less than 10 minutes in duration,
although they can dive for up to 20 – 25 minutes. Bearded
seals eat a wide variety of different types of prey, but
they are predominantly benthic feeders, eating clams,
shrimps, crabs, squid, fishes, and a variety of other small
prey that they find near, on, or in the ocean floor. They
can search soft-bottom sediment using their whiskers to
find hidden prey that they get at using a combination of
water jetting and suction.
① 얼음이 떠다니는 바다에서 발견된다.
② 한여름 털갈이 시기에 해안가로 올라온다.
③ 새끼들은 첫 해 동안 450미터 깊이까지 잠수한다.
④ 잠수를 지속할 수 있는 최장 시간은 10분 미만이다.
【문 22】글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가
장 적절한 곳은?
[One problem is that the power of these signs diminishes
with use: The more stop signs, the more likely drivers
are to violate them.]
Traffic-calming devices have been shown to slow speeds
and reduce the volume of through traffic. But as with any
medicine, the right drug – and the right dosage – must be
administered. ( ① ) Many people think that stop signs are
a good way to calm speeds in neighborhoods. ( ② )
Studies have also shown that stop signs do little if
anything to reduce speed – drivers simply go faster at the
midblock location to make up time. ( ③ ) This issue
plagues speed humps too, which is why engineers advise
placing them no more than three hundred feet apart, so
drivers do not have time to speed. ( ④ ) As with any
drug, there are side effects: Slowing and accelerating or
humps increases noise and emissions, while studies have
suggested that speed humps on one block can lead to
higher speeds or more traffic on another.
* speed hump 과속방지턱
【문 23】다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?
Why are some people more religious than others?
Answers to this question often focus on the role of
culture or upbringing. Although these influences are
important, new research suggests that whether we believe
or not may also have to do with how much we rely on
intuition versus analytical thinking. In 2011 researchers
from Harvard University published a paper showing that
people who have a tendency to rely on their intuition are
more likely to believe in God. Building on these results in
an article published in Science recently, Will Gervais and
Ara Norenzayan of the University of British Columbia
found that encouraging people to think analytically
reduced their tendency to believe in God. Taken together,
these finding suggest belief may stem at least in part
from our .
① thinking style
② self-reflection
③ superstitious myths
④ previous experience
【문 24】다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?
A habit can be defined as something you do without
thinking. Maybe that’s why we have so many of habits. A
habit can kill a dream because you stop questioning and
dreaming when you stop thinking. You begin to accept
what is, without considering what could be. A habit can
cause you to go through the motions rather than think
about the possibilities. It slowly closes the door on
potential. Examine all the things you’re currently doing by
rote. Then shake things up. Look to your horizons. What
do you really care about? What are you currently doing
that doesn’t propel you in the direction of your purpose,
develop your potential, or help other people? Start making
changes. Be creative. Break out of a rut and start
searching inside yourself for your dream.
*rut 틀에 박힌 생활
① Think Critically ② Don’t Set Limits
③ Have a Big Dream ④ Escape from Habits