소리에 놀라지않고 그물에걸리지않는, 무소의뿔처럼 혼자서 가라

【문 1】밑줄 친 부분 중 어법상 적절하지 않은 것은?

Previewing is so central to the learning process that it needs ①

teaching explicitly in school. Whenever ② possible, kids ought to be

engaged in coming up with a blueprint of what something will look

like when it's finished. They should submit work plans and be

evaluated on them. Such plans should include a description of ③

how the final product will be like - much as a landscape designer

would prepare a sketch of a proposed garden. Sometime students

should be required to write the last paragraph of a report first and

then keep that paragraph up in front of them while ④ writing the

report. In other words, the final paragraph is their preview, the

destination toward which they are navigating.

【문 2】다음 중 글의 흐름과 관계없는 문장은?

Asian investors are now welcome in the London real estate market

as new big players, replacing former groups of valued clients from

Russia and the Middle East. ( ① ) Restriction their governments

impose on real estate investment in their home countries make

investment abroad more attractive. ( ② ) The London market

attracts Chinese investors due to its openness to foreign investment

and fluid rental market. ( ③ ) When millions around the world are

still struggling to make ends meet, superrich British holding assets

worth more than $1. 5 million are increasing in number. ( ④ )

Reflecting the current trend, the UK parliament passed a bill to

further encourage foreign investment from Asia.

【문 3】주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것은?

[ In the late 1970s, some scientists predicted that because of the

heat-trapping buildup of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, the

earth would warm up by 5 to 6 'C over the next century. ]

(A) And despite seasonal variations, the frequency of intense Atlantic

hurricanes and their maximum wind speed have not increased over

the past half-century.

(B) They linked a lot of bad weather to global warming. And the

media regularly predict that more and fiercer hurricanes, longer

droughts and more severe rainstorms will result.

(C) However, what has actually been going on? One computer

model says the earth’s temperature has increased by only 0.3 to 0.

4℃ since 1979.

① (A) ―(C) ―(B) ② (B) ―(A) ―(C)

③ (B) ―(C) ―(A) ④ (C) ―(A) ―(B)

【문 4】빈 칸에 들어갈 것으로 적절한 것은?

According to an ancient Greek myth, Narcissus was a young man

so beautiful that he fell in love with his own reflection when he

knelt down to take a drink of water, and then died by the water's

edge, heartbroken that he could not embrace his beloved. In modern

organizations, when people fall in love with their own products and

services, the results can be just as . The cause of

death: blindness to virtually all data that suggest their ideas and

creations are less than perfect. The ghost of Narcissus haunts many

companies today, striking any time in the evolution of a new or

improved product, from original concept to final launch. At its

heart, however, keeping the ghost of Narcissus at bay is not a

matter of methodologies or mechanisms, but rather one of the

personal resolve to consider the possibility that what you love may

not be what your customers love - and that what your customers

love may not be what you see as quite attractive.

① lucrative ② wholesome ③ innocuous ④ deadly

【문 5】다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것을 고르시오.

Even small changes in temperature can lead to enormous changes in

global weather patterns and habitats. For example, during the years

from about 1000 to 1350 A.D., known as the "Medieval Warm

Period," when global mean surface temperatures were only slightly

more than 1'F warmer than they are now, there were vineyards in

England, and Greenland supported hundreds of farms. By contrasts,

from 1430 to 1850, the period known as the "Little Ice Age," when

global mean surface temperatures were only slightly more than 1'F

cooler than they are now, the Thames was often frozen in winter, and

there were icebergs off the coast of Norway. Since the late 19th

century, global mean surface temperatures have already warmed on

average approximately 1'F, consistent with the increases in atmospheric

CO2 concentrations during the past century, from preindustrial

revolution levels of 280 ppm to current levels of 350 ppm.

① A slight change in temperature can bring about big difference in

the natural world.

② During the Medieval Warm Period, there were hundreds of

farms in Greenland.

③ There was decrease in the level of CO2 concentrations during

the past century.

④ Global average temperature has gone up around 1'F since the

late 19th century.

【문 6】다음 글의 제목으로 적절한 것을 고르시오.

The Vietnam War, a military attempt by the United States to block a

Communist regime in Southeast Asia, somewhat altered the lives of

people in the United States in terms of economics, society, and culture.

People in the United States began to perceive that other countries

should determine their own fates on their own and that the United

States should take a backseat in diplomacy. Socioculturally speaking, it

had a profound effect on the way Americans saw their government,

the media, and Constitutional rights. Because of this change in

viewpoint, the nation was split more than ever.

① The Rationale for Spurring the Vietnam War

② The Influence of the Vietnam War on Americans

③ The struggle of the United States to block communism

④ The Sociocultural Struggle behind the Vietnam War

【문 7】다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸 (A)와 (B)에

들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

Many European nations take an approach to social protection that

differs from the social insurance in the United States, which distributes

benefits on the basis of contributions made into an insurance system

during periods of employment. In Sweden, for example, the government

offers benefits on the basis of citizenship rather than on the basis of

contribution. Qualification for benefits does not rely on past work

history, contributions, or income levels. Universal health care makes

medical services available to all citizens. Some argue that programs

based on citizenship rights promote even more popular support than

social insurance. Despite their general popularity, social insurance

programs tend to divide mainstream workers from those who do not

qualify. A gap emerges between the “haves” and “have-nots.” In

contrast, universal systems gain support from all segments of the

stratification system and unite rather than divide citizens.

→ Unlike the social insurance in the United States where the

distribution of benefits is based on (A) , the social protection

in Europe emphasizes the importance of (B) .

(A) (B)

① citizenship …… efficiency

② citizenship …… equality

③ contribution …… efficiency

④ contribution …… equality

【문 8】빈 칸에 들어갈 것으로 적절한 것은?

To say that we need to curb anger and our negative thoughts and

emotions does not mean that we should deny our feelings. There is

an important distinction to be made between denial and restraint.

The latter consists of a deliberate and voluntarily adopted discipline

based on an appreciation of the benefits of doing so. This is very

different from the case of someone who suppresses emotions such as

anger out of a feeling that they need to present a façade of

self-control, or out of fear of what others may think. Such behavior

is like closing a wound which is still infected. Where denial and

suppression occur, there comes the danger that by doing so the

individual anger and resentment. The trouble

here is that at some future point they may find they cannot contain

these feelings any longer.

① fades out ② copes with

③ stores up ④ soothes

【문 9】빈 칸에 들어갈 것으로 적절한 것은?

The term “swan song” derived from the legend that, while they are

mute during the rest of their lives, swans sing beautifully and

mournfully just before they die. This isn’t actually the case, though.

Swans have a variety of vocal sounds and they don’t sing before

they die. The legend was known to be false as early as the days of

the ancient Rome. Nevertheless, many people made use of the

legend. Plato, Euripides, and Aristotle referred to the legend in their

writings. Socrates used the dying swans as a metaphor when he

said, “For they, when they perceive that they must die, sing more

sweetly than ever, rejoicing in the thought that they are about to go

away to their master, Apollo.” So swans, according to Socrates, sing

gloriously in anticipation of at last seeing their beloved master,

Apollo. “Swan song” is now used figuratively and most commonly

to refer to .

① something that is good and needs no advertising

② a state of being deserted, forgotten, or unwanted

③ the final farewell performance of an actor or singer

④ an event from which the principal performer is absent

【문 10】(A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현으로 가장 적

절한 것은?

A new study suggests that men are more physically attracted to a

woman if she wears red clothes. Researchers at the University of

Rochester in New York (A) [conducting/conducted] different

experiments to find out the effects of color on human relationships.

Researchers asked more than 100 men to give a score to

photographs of women. The men had to rate the women according

to how pretty they were, how much the men would like to kiss

them, their intelligence, and how (B) [kind/kindly] they looked.

They also had to provide details of what kind of date they would

like to take the women out. The results showed that the women in

the pictures who wore red scored higher and were more likely to

(C) [take/be taken] out on an expensive date. The data showed the

color red made no impact on the scores for intelligence and

kindness.

(A) (B) (C)

① conducted …… kindly …… be taken

② conducted …… kind …… be taken

③ conducting …… kind …… take

④ conducting …… kindly …… take

【문 11】(A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 문맥에 맞는 낱말로 가장 적절

한 것은?

In the current labor market, finding a job is quite difficult for less

educated, low-skilled, middle-aged, and long-term unemployed

people. While the number of jobs in the rapidly changing technology

sector is rising, jobs in the traditional industries are decreasing.

Middle-aged laborers, for whom (A) [adaptation/adoption] to the

new industrial structure is difficult, are at a high risk of

unemployment and of being permanently excluded from the labor

market. During the high-growth and low-unemployment period of

the 1970s, self-support was (B) [avoidable/attainable] through one’s

sheer will and effort. But now a low-growth and

high-unemployment environment is getting worse, thus making

self-support difficult to achieve. Meanwhile, the despair of the

long-term unemployed has deepened, and is (C)

[aggravated/alleviated] by the inability of the family to work as the

primary social safety net.

(A) (B) (C)

① adaptation …… avoidable …… aggravated

② adaptation …… attainable …… aggravated

③ adoption …… avoidable …… alleviated

④ adoption …… attainable …… aggravated

【문 12】다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?

As life ① becomes more complex, many people find ② difficult to

fall asleep and are more likely to suffer from insomnia. Almost all

of us, for example, have experienced transient insomnia –

temporary periods of sleeplessness. This type of insomnia usually

disappears when the cause of stress or anxiety ③ is eliminated.

Chronic insomnia, however, involves long periods – from three

months to a year or more. The typical sufferers of chronic insomnia

are females ④ in their mid-twenties. However, this type of insomnia

can affect anyone at any age, and it usually persists even when the

particular stress or tension has disappeared.

【문 13】다음 글의 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

In the United States, fashion as an upper-class phenomenon can be

documented from records of the seventeenth and eighteenth

centuries. During this time, fashions identified a person’s wealth and

position in society. (A) , with the Industrial Revolution in the

eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, the development of technology

for manufacturing clothing and factories for mass production made

fashionable clothing available to a larger part of the population.

Developments in mass marketing and communications in the

twentieth century have further increased the variety of fashions

available to virtually the entire population. (B) , although

upper-class leaders undoubtedly played important roles in early

fashion history, many authorities argue that their role in the fashion

process has diminished in modern society.

(A) (B)

① In other words …… Instead

② However …… Instead

③ Besides …… By contrast

④ However …… Therefore

【문 1】필자의 어조로 적절한 것은?

Hungry? Well, you’d better wait a second before you run to the

supermarket. I’m sure you’ve heard of mad cow disease and how

increasing numbers of humans are contracting a strain of it. It’s

rather unnerving to think that eating only one bite of a

contaminated piece of meat could lead to a fatal brain disorder,

rendering your brain a useless sponge. Who would want to take

such a risk when the odds are so high? And then, let’s not forget

the wonders of genetically engineered foods, which have been shown

to be a serious potential threat to ecosystems worldwide.

① Understanding

② Suspicious

③ Satisfied

④ Aggressive

【문 2】다음 중 어법상 적절한 것은?

As you have seen in the media, the recent floods in Pakistan, ①

triggered by weeks of torrential monsoons, have affected an

estimated 14 million people, 6 million of ② them are children. This

is more people than the Asian tsunami, the Kashmir earthquake and

the Haiti earthquake combined. ③ Two-fifth of the country is now

underwater. The area ravaged by the water is estimated to be at

least 160,000 square kilometers - larger than the size of England.

To help the people in Pakistan, the School Board is sending a

message of hope and ④ collect money. We would like every

student, staff member and parent to join in contributing to relief

efforts in the region. All of the funds collected will be sent to

UNICEF.

【문 3】빈 칸에 들어갈 것으로 적절한 것은?

Humanism is not at all opposed to technology, but it is opposed to

technology that ceases to be a means and becomes an end in itself.

Shall we not rejoice, from a humanist perspective, that physically

oppressive work may be eliminated, that men and women may be

replaced by machines that will perform the most burdensome tasks?

Shall we not approve the possibility for people to live in greater

comfort, to meet more easily, to learn more and more effectively?

Yet all these advantages brought by technology cease to be

advantages when the servant becomes a master preoccupied uniquely

with its own interests. And this is true not only of machines.

Observe our most indispensable institutions, the hospital, the school,

the court, and so forth, and you will perceive that what should

serve man can sometimes .

① relieve him of the unnecessary burden of life

② give him the power to dominate the world

③ reduce him in turn to the role of instrument

④ endow him with the ability to manipulate the technology

【문 4】빈 칸에 들어갈 것으로 적절한 것은?

Nelson Mandela is a good case study of the embodied sense of

freedom. In the more than twenty-three years he was imprisoned,

often in solitary confinement, he chose to befriend his jailers. He

reached out to them as unique individuals with their own personal

struggles. Rather than attempting to be invulnerable and stoic, he

chose to be human. His jailers began to experience him as a human

being. Their preconceived biases as they came

to admire Mandela and finally trust him as a fellow human being

whose struggles were not unlike their own.

① faded in ② piled up

③ took effect ④ melted away

【문 5】다음을 문맥에 맞게 배열한 것은?

(A) The same applies to any skill. If you stop playing the piano for

twelve months, you lose your touch. Stop using your creative

imagination and it will evaporate. We are designed so that we

need to, in fact, have to stay involved. Keep practicing the art

of living.

(B) Whatever we do not use, we lose. It is particularly easy to see

the principle at work in our physical bodies.

(C) In addition, when you practice extending yourself you become

more courageous. Nobody gets to be courageous by locking

himself in his bedroom, trying to save up his courage! We

develop strength by regularly testing ourselves.

(D) If you decide to spend three years in a wheelchair for no other

reason except that you like sitting down, when three years are

up, you will not be able to walk. Stop using your legs and

they stop working.

① B-A-C-D ② D-C-A-B

③ B-D-A-C ④ D-A-B-C

【문 6】주어진 문장이 들어갈 곳으로 적절한 것은?

[ Bio-fuels, however, are far more environmentally-friendly, releasing

60 to 80 percent less carbon dioxide into the atmosphere when

burned. ]

A fossil fuel buried deep in the ground, oil is a finite resource that

experts concur is fast running out. Greenhouse gas emissions from

rampant oil consumption are having a devastating impact on the

environment, too. (A) Currently, over 10 percent of global carbon

dioxide emissions are caused by gasoline combustion in car engines,

and motorists in the United States alone are collectively responsible

for nearly half of this. (B) This is the main reason why many

scientist and politicians around the world have begun to promote

the production and use of bio-fuels as an alternative to our reliance

on oil. (C) There is also hope that, because bio-fuels are renewable,

they can also help ensure greater stability in fuel prices. (D) Some

proponents even predict that the widespread use of bio-fuels may

help to reduce global competition for resources such as oil and

other fossil fuels.

① (A) ② (B) ③ (C) ④ (D)

【문 7】다음 글을 통해서 Peace Corps 에 대해 추론할 수 있는 것은?

The government policy that laid the foundation for the Peace Corps

was first developed more than forty years ago. The American

government has always understood that communism is often more

attractive to the people of countries where food is short and life is

hard. From 1950s onwards, they spent millions of dollars

modernizing farms, constructing power stations and building roads in

countries as far apart as Turkey and Colombia, Pakistan, and Chile.

Foreign aid did not always take the forms of food, machines or

money. Sometimes human skills were sent, in the form of teachers

and technical experts. Soon after John F. Kenney became president,

he started a new scheme of this kind when he set up an

organization called the Peace Corps.

① It was organized in the 1950s.

② It sent most people to Turkey, Colombia, Pakistan and Chile.

③ It was John F. Kennedy’s favorite organization.

④ It was founded in some part to prevent the spread of communism.

【문 8】밑줄 친 the first one이 가리키는 것은?

Be able to throw out your best joke. Sounds strange, doesn't it?

And yet, I've found it to be profoundly true. Time and again when

writing a script for "The Monkeys," "Love American Style," "The Bill

Cosby Show" or any of the numerous animated films I've done, I'll

come up with one joke that seems sensational and clearly is better

than all the other jokes - but that doesn't exactly fit. I want it to

be fit. It would be wonderful if it fits. But it doesn't. The

overwhelming temptation is to use it anyway. After all, it's such a

terrific joke. It seems a shame not to use it. But that's what craft is

all about. Everyone knows a comedy script involves jokes, but it

also involves characters, scenes, situation, development, dialogue and

story. A sensational joke in the wrong script can throw everything

else off and ruin the rhythm and the flow. What you need is not

necessarily a lot of jokes, but the right jokes in the right places.

Being able to throw out your best joke is so important that I

consider it one of the fundamental laws of comedy writing. There

are others. In fact, there are seven laws of comedy writing that I

keep bumping into and rediscovering over and over again. Some are

surprising; others are obvious. The Seven Laws of Comedy Writing

apply throughout the wide spectrum of comedy. You've met the first

one; here are the other six.

① Avoid too obvious jokes.

② Employ the contextually best -fit joke.

③ Always use a joke in a comedy script.

④ Discover the real meaning of joke.

【문 9】다음 편지 글의 목적은 무엇인가?

Dear Mr. Jackson

I have written to you several times over the past three months

requesting an explanation on why you have failed to refund the

debt. By ignoring these requests, you are damaging the excellent

credit record you had previously maintained with our company. In

addition, you are incurring additional expense to yourself and to us.

Unless I hear from you within ten days, I will have no other choice

but to turn your account over to a collection agency. I am sorry

that we must take such drastic action but I am afraid you leave us

no alternative.

Sincerely,

Serena Wilson

① To ask Mr. Jackson to have a credit check

② To remind Mr. Jackson of delinquent account

③ To inform Mr. Jackson about new business opportunity

④ To invite Mr. Jackson to a conference

【문 10】다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않

은 것은?

Bird owners face completely different sets of issues than do owners

or more commonly kept pets such as dogs or cats, so all potential

owners should know birds can be ① destructive. One of a bird’s

most prominent features, its beak, grows continuously throughout

the bird’s life, and must be worn down to ② prevent overgrowth.

In order to keep the beak maintained, as well as to exercise jaw

muscles, birds need to chew. Because of this, bird owners must be

diligent about ③ supervising their pets so as to protect furniture and

valuables from the beak’s fury. If you want to buy a bird, be

prepared to offer it a plethora of safe and fun toys to rip, shred,

and destroy. This will help ④ maximize the risk of your bird

chewing on something that is not his.

【문 11】다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?

There might not have been as many fragrances to choose from as

we enjoy today, but Victorian ladies did love scent as much as we

① do. Unfortunately, hygiene was not good at that time and

fragrance was often used to mask odor. If you have ever stood

beside someone who is wearing too much perfume, you have some

idea of ② how it was like on a hot summer night at a gathering.

A fragrance which used to ③ be called “Jicky” by Guerlain was

extremely popular and a complete change from the flowery scents

that women of that time period ④ were used to. In 1898, Jacque

Rouche was experimenting with the use of synthetics in his

fragrances.

【문 12】다음 글의 내용과 일치하는 것은?

From 1972 to 1976, capital punishment was not enforced in the

United State. That was because the Supreme Court decided that the

procedures for imposing the death penalty were unconstitutional. For

instance, a “unitary trial” procedure was adopted in Georgia, where

the jury was required to decide whether the accused would be

sentenced to death or life imprisonment. The Supreme Court

understood that such a procedure violated the eighth amendment to

the Constitution. Never in its history, however, has the Supreme

Court decided that capital punishment is unconstitutional in itself.

① During the 19th century, capital punishment was suspended in

the United States.

② The Supreme Court is not against the death penalty.

③ The unitary trial procedure in Georgia was not considered

unconstitutional.

④ The eighth amendment to the Constitution bans capital

punishment.

【문 13】다음 글에서 전체 흐름과 관계 없는 문장은?

As American society is a particularly competitive one, many parents

want their children to play competitive sports as training for life.

And some view academic competition the same way: as a warm-up

for the “real world.” ① But Alfie Kohn, the country’s leading critic

of competition, says that competition is to self-esteem as sugar is to

teeth. ② Competition, he says, is inherently destructive because one

person can only succeed if others fail. ③ Many parents believe that

competitive endeavors build character, focus, and determination. ④

In addition, competition undermines many of the goals parents have

for their children, including developing healthy self-esteem, accepting

themselves as good people, and achieving the excellence of which

they are capable.

【문 14】다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

Two billion years ago, the Earth was completely devoid of oxygen,

and all forms of life consisted of creatures so tiny that they would

be invisible to the human eye. Gradually, these creatures began

producing oxygen as a waste product, just as plants do now.

However, at that time, for most life, oxygen was poisonous. As

oxygen increased from 0% of our atmosphere two billion years ago

to the present 21%, species were forced to evolve. Naturally, many

species must have died in the poisonous atmosphere. However, some

managed to adapt, and these were our ancestors. While it may seem

difficult to believe that oxygen can be poisonous to life, this shows

us .

① how rapidly we are polluting the earth

② that unpredictable results can come from disasters

③ that most species would have survived with oxygen

④ how crucial the food chain is to all creatures’ survival

【문 1】다음 밑줄 친 부분 중, 지칭하는 대상이 나머지 셋과 다른 하나는?

① Most people who have survived serious car accidents are likely

to be very nervous about driving. They are afraid of driving even a

mile over the speed limit and absolutely refuse to go any faster than

the law allows. When they are not at the wheel, ② their fear

increases, and they keep an eye on ③ the driver, offering advice

about taking curves and slowing down for yellow lights. Overall,

they are convinced that other drivers take far too many chances.

Thus, ④ those who have survived auto accidents are more likely to

be cautious and fearful.

【문 2】다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

People have been so accustomed to using the car for everything

that it would never occur to them to employ their legs and see

what they can do. The other day, for example, I was in a nearby

town waiting to bring home one of my children from a piano

lesson when a car stopped outside the local post office and a man

about my age popped out and dashed inside with the motor

running. He was inside for about three or four minutes, then came

out, got in the car and drove about 16 feet to the general store

next door, and popped in again, with engine still running. And the

thing is that this man looked really fit.

① What a Convenient Life!

② Energy Saving Tactics

③ Give Your Car a Break!

④ Contact Your Neighbors!

【문 3】빈칸에 들어갈 것으로 적절한 것은?

Some people often say, "I must make sure I know all about this

before I start." Here our intolerance for ( ) stops us

from taking action. Sometimes we try to get more information but

with this belief it is unlikely that it will ever be enough. One

traveler recalled that for years he had been toying with the idea of

motorcycling across Europe. Every time the dream got close to

becoming a reality, he decided that he didn't know enough about

the bike, the journey, first aid, the places he'd visit, the local

languages or any of a host of imponderables. He told himself that

more research was needed. His belief that 'I must be certain'

prevented him from making a start. If everyone thought like this,

there'd be no Edisons or Picassos, and not many books, films or

new medicines either. If you need to play it safe, don't expect to

leave your name in the history books.

① disagreement ② uniformity

③ ambiguity ④ commonness

【문 4】다음 중 어법상 적절하지 않은 것은?

Although the women’s rights movement in the United States is

thought of as a ① recent development, its beginnings date back a

century and a half. At that time women were dependents in the

eyes of the law, and they were ② deprived of the privileges of

adults. A woman could not possess ③ that she had inherited or she

had earned. Decisions about family matters and about the children

④ were made by her husband, the head of the family.

【문 5】다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은

것은?

About five years ago, I got a job at a local animal shelter. At the

time I began my job, I was a big-time carnivore. However, the

longer I worked at the shelter, the more ① uncomfortable I became

with the fact that I was eating some animals at the same time that

I was saving others. I was being ② irrational. More importantly, I

was also being inhumane. A few of my coworkers were vegans, and

I soon joined them. I don’t eat meat, dairy products, or eggs. I

don’t buy clothing made from fur, leather, or wool. I’m not certain

whether my diet produces any dramatic benefits in my health. But I

do know that my behavior is now more ③ inconsistent with my

moral code. I also know that no matter what kind of a day I had,

at the very least I can go to bed knowing that I did not contribute

to the ④ exploitation of sentient creatures.

【문 6】다음 글에서 전체 흐름과 관계 없는 문장은?

One of the reasons for the negative perception that some have

toward aging is that, by and large, the younger generation today no

longer looks to the older generation for advice. ① Consequently, the

young, and sometimes the elderly themselves, fail to see and

appreciate the wisdom that can come with age. ② Technology, at

least in part, is to blame. Today, because technological knowledge

becomes obsolete before the ink dries, the order of nature has been

reversed and the young are teaching the old. ③ In addition,

technological knowledge is increasingly becoming an effective tool to

allow people of all ages to communicate and feel connected. ④

Generalizing from “technological knowledge” to “all knowledge,”

many young people, believing that they have all the answers, do not

respect the wisdom of their or appreciate the value of life

experience.

【문 7】글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳

은?

Rather, it is the subjective sense of being cut off from people and

having no one to turn to that is the medical risk.

Isolation is harder on men than on women. Isolated men were two

to three times more likely to die than were men with close social

ties. For isolated women, the risk was one and a half times greater

than for more socially connected women. ( ① ) The difference

between men and women in the impact of isolation may be because

women’s relationships tend to be emotionally closer than men’s. ( ②

) A few strands of such social ties for a woman may be more

comforting than the same small number of friendships for a man. (

③ ) Of course, solitude is not the same as isolation; many people

who live on their own or see few friends are content and healthy. (

④ ) This finding is ominous in the light of the increasing isolation

bred by solitary TV-watching and the falling away of social habits,

and suggests an added value to self-help groups such as Alcoholic

Anonymous.

【문 8】다음 글에서 전체 흐름과 관계 없는 문장은?

Hope, not fear, is the creative principle in human affairs. All that

has made man great has sprung from the attempt to secure what is

good, not from the struggle to avert what was thought evil. ① It is

because modern education is so seldom inspired by a great hope

that it so seldom achieves a great result. ② The wish to preserve

the past rather than the hope of creating the future dominates the

minds of those who control the teaching of the young. ③ These

teachers assert that optimists are more likely to succeed in life than

pessimists, their opposites. ④ Education should not aim at a passive

awareness of dead facts, but at an activity directed towards the

world that our efforts are to create.

【문 9】다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

To be in a state of poverty is to be in a situation without choices.

And it produces the sense of being shaped by forces beyond one’s

understanding and control, which renders the self insecure in all its

aspects – personal relationships, moral and intellectual beliefs.

Finally, and as a result of these conditions, poverty is a feeling of

personal unimportance. The conviction that the self is worthless is

what matters, for it sometimes destroys one’s worth as a man. In

short, poverty is .

① harmful for the formation of self

② what one can escape by his own efforts

③ a choice to live morally and humanly

④ something that is forced by the society

【문 10】다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸 (A)와

(B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

During the Renaissance era, there was no clear distinction between

the role of the ‘artist’ and the ‘chemist.’ Thus, famous artists such

as Jan van Eyck, Leonardo da Vinci and Rubens, are also famous

for having developed their own recipes of paint. However, from the

18th century, the role of the ‘artist’ was distinguished from the

‘chemist.’ This shift in who actually produces new color is essential

in increasing opportunities for us to enjoy colors. Renaissance artists

usually kept their color recipes as craft secrets, whereas a ‘chemist’

would be more interested in developing new colors and selling them

to as many people as possible. It was from this point that color

began to saturate our daily life.

↓

As (A) took over the role of (B) , we can now enjoy

various colors.

(A) (B)

① artists …… creating pictures

② artists …… producing colors

③ chemists …… creating pictures

④ chemists …… producing colors

【문 11】밑줄 친 부분 중 어법상 적절하지 않은 것은?

Well-educated immigrants to Canada ① are four times more likely

to be unemployed ② as Canadian-born workers with a university

degree. Among immigrants, recent ones have an even higher rate of

unemployment. They cite poor language skills and an unfamiliar

labor market as the major hurdles they face. Labor analysts think it

is essential that they ③ be successfully integrated into the workplace.

In this regard, various social activist groups are calling for more

assistance ④ to be made available to new immigrants.

【문 12】(A),(B),(C)의 어휘 중 문맥에 맞는 적절한 것을 고르시오.

The fact that the milk is organic has nothing to do with its longer

shelf life. Labeling the milk as organic only means that the cows on

the dairy farm were not given antibiotics or hormones which (A) [

promote / suppress ] a cow’s milk production. The reason it has a

longer shelf life is due to the ultra high temperature process where

the milk is heated to 140’C for three seconds. This kills all the

microorganisms that may be in the liquid – it is sterile. Most

regular milk today is (B) [irrelevant / subjected ] to the flash

pasteurization method where the milk is at about 72 ‘C for 15

seconds. This process does not kill all microbes that may be in the

milk; only the germs have been eliminated. Because there are

bacterial species that are (C) [ tolerant / intolerant ] of this process,

the milk can spoil if left on the refrigerated shelf too long.

(A) (B) (C)

① promote irrelevant tolerant

② suppress subjected intolerant

③ promote subjected tolerant

④ suppress irrelevant intolerant

【문 13】다음 글의 내용과 가장 일치하지 않는 것은?

It is clear that we face both practical and conceptual difficulties

when seeking to maximize human well-being. Consider, for instance,

the tensions between freedom of speech, the right to privacy, and

the duty of every government to keep its citizens safe. Each of these

principles seems fundamental to a healthy society. The problem,

however, is that in some cases each is hostile to the other two.

Certain forms of speech painfully violate people’s privacy and can

even put society itself in danger. Should I be able to film my

neighbor through his or her bedroom window and upload this

footage onto YouTube as a work of “journalism?” Clearly,

appropriate limits to free expression exist. Likewise, too much

respect for privacy would make it impossible to gather the news or

to prosecute criminals and terrorists. And too zealous a commitment

to protecting innocent people can lead to unbearable violations of

both privacy and freedom of expression.

① We can confront some obstacles that can restrain human

well-being.

② In some cases, free expression can infringe on people’s privacy.

③ One principle conflicts with another only in extreme situations.

④ It is not always easy to keep a balance between respect for

privacy and protecting people.

【문 14】다음 글에서 필자가 주장하는 것으로 가장 적절한 것은?

We can instantaneously see and feel war through the medium of TV

as it shows us the rawness of violence. While blood is spilled on

the battlefield, some denounce this war as illegal and unjust. On the

other hand, a multitude of justifications are used to support it.

What is happening in these moments? The truth is that all war is

tragic: the shedding of blood and tears, and a drama of

dehumanization. War is the antithesis of civilization. Try to mentally

see the bodies blown to pieces and hear the explosion of the bombs

and painful cry from the wounds. Stop thinking whether this war is

just or unjust, divided by different viewpoints and ideologies. Be

aware of our own humanity through the tragic reality of war.

① TV 매체를 통해서 전쟁을 판단해서는 안 된다.

② 이데올로기 관점에서 전쟁의 정당성을 판단해선 안 된다.

③ 전쟁을 정당화하려는 것은 잘못된 이데올로기에 사로잡힌 것이다.

④ TV 매체에서 다루는 전쟁은 더욱 폭력적인 모습으로 왜곡되었다.

【문 1】본문의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?

Dear Mr. Moore

As you may already know, the National Association of Advertisers

will be holding its annual convention. Our records indicate that

your company has been an active participant in our last five annual

conventions and we are looking forward to seeing you again at the

gathering next year. Our main theme will be “Advertising in a

Virtual World.” But as usual we are looking for a variety of

participants that represent the entire spectrum of advertising activity.

Although the convention is still nine months away, it isn’t too early

to reserve space on the exhibition floor or time slots for

presentations. If your company is planning on taking part as an

exhibitor or presenter, please fill out the attached form and return it

to us as soon as possible. Bear in mind that exhibition space and

presentation times are allotted on a first come, first served basis to

those who put down a small holding fee, with the balance due 60

days before the convention begins. Also, there is a substantial 15 %

discount for early registration. We look forward to hearing from

you and to seeing you next July.

Sincerely, Clarence Dalton

Convention Committee Chairman

① This is not the first time for the National Association of

Advertisers to hold a convention.

② Only one theme will be addressed in the convention.

③ Nine months is left before the convention is held.

④ Fee is required to reserve exhibition space or presentation time.

【문 2】다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

As government functions in many countries are increasingly delivered

within democratic systems, it is essential that the capacity of all

branches of government, in addition to that of the executive branch,

also be developed. The important oversight functions of national

assembly or parliament, particularly in the allocation and use of

public funds, can, for example, only be adequately carried out if

their technical abilities are enhanced. Similarly, the capacity of the

judicial system would need to be strengthened if regulatory

frameworks are to be applied impartially, if secure systems of

property rights are to be upheld, and if an efficient system for the

enforcement of contractual obligations is to emerge.

① 신속한 국정 처리를 위해서 입법 절차가 간소화되어야 한다.

② 사법부의 행정부와 입법부 견제 기능이 보다 강화되어야 한다.

③ 사회가 발전할수록 정부 기능이 복잡하고 비대해지기 쉽다.

④ 정부의 각 기능별 능력은 치우침 없이 골고루 강화되어야 한다.

【문 3】다음 밑줄 친 부분 중, 지칭하는 대상이 나머지 셋과 다른 하나는?

When new hires start their careers with the Four Seasons Hotels,

they receive an immediate message about their importance to this

company. All new ① employees are asked to spend a night or two

in the hotel where they will work prior to joining the company.

They experience firsthand what it is like to be a guest in a luxury

hotel. ② They see their new workplace from the guest’s eyes before

being asked to see it from an employee’s perspective. The company

also lets new hires know right away that their ideas and input are

important. The companies askss that each new employee complete

detailed reports about ③ his or her stay, and from this information

④ they get valuable data to help them identify areas in the hotel

that may need additional attention. Both the new employee and the

hotel benefit from the experience.

【문 4】다음 글에서 밑줄 친 That attitude의 의미로 가장 적절한 것은?

Socrates believed that if you are truly wise you will not be obsessed

with possessions. Practicing to an extreme what he taught, he even

refused to wear shoes. Yet, he loved to visit the market place and

look with admiration at the great abundance of wares on display.

One day, someone asked him why he was interested in looking at

all those things. Socrates replied, “I love to go there and discover

how many things I am perfectly happy without.” That attitude is

contrary to the commercial messages that continually bombard our

eyes and ears. Advertisers spend millions telling us about the latest

products that we can’t be happy without.

① 물질에 초연한 것

② 말과 행동이 다른 것

③ 보편적 진리를 추구하는 것

④ 물질적인 만족을 추구하는 것

【문 5】글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?

For our ancestors, however, there was a problem with being an

omnivore.

Humans, like many primates, are omnivores, which means they eat

both plants and animals. Incidentally, it is interesting to note that

although we have some front cutting teeth, like those of carnivores,

our back teeth (molars) are more like those of herbivores. ( ① )

This is one of many facts that suggest that we have been omnivores

for some time. ( ② ) It has been argued from an evolutionary

perspective that there was a distinct advantage for our ancestors to

be omnivores; it meant they were not dependent on one type of

food source. ( ③ ) Should one supply run out, they could readily

shift to another source. ( ④ ) This increased the odds of being

poisoned. The more foods that one ate, the greater the likelihood of

being poisoned.

【문 6】다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

Pessimists are right when they say that, if the world continues as it

is, it will end in disaster for all humanity. If all transport depends

on oil, and oil runs out, then transport will cease. But notice the

conditional if. The world will not continue as it is. That is the

whole point of human progress, the whole message of cultural

evolution, and the whole import of dynamic change. The human

race has become a collective problem-solving machine and it solves

problems by changing its ways. It does so through invention driven

often by the market: scarcity drives up price, which encourages the

development of alternatives and of efficiencies. It has happened often

in history. When whales grew scarce, petroleum was used instead as

a source of oil. The pessimists' mistake is

.

① insisting that words speak louder than actions

② keeping their own insight and wisdom to themselves

③ assuming that the future is just a bigger version of the past

④ denying the notion of society and encouraging separateness

【문 7】글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?

Actually, however, dead things are not classified with non-living things;

for the latter has no life, but, more importantly, it never did possess life.

It may seem easy to define what living things are, but actually to

do so with scientific accuracy is really difficult. All that can be said

is that living things possess certain characteristics in common, and

these provide the power which results in the phenomenon of what

is called life. ( ① ) On the other hand, certain familiar objects,

such as a piece of glass or a bar of iron, have no life, and are said

to be non-living. ( ② ) A dead plant or animal could conceivably

be placed in the latter category. ( ③ ) On the other hand, a dead

thing, though it no longer possesses life, did so at one time. ( ④ )

There are, therefore, three groups of matter from the biologist’s

point of view: living, dead, and non-living.

【문 8】다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

Can anyone be joyous during wartime? For both winners and losers,

war is a curse. It brings nothing but death and destruction. It

destroys feelings of compassion and understanding, and it encourages

aggression and brutality. To those who argue that war is not a

curse but a reasonable and rational way to defend property and

prestige, I can only shake my head in sorrow. Even the necessity of

self-defense cannot be an adequate for war, the most

terrible of human tragedies.

① benefit ② justification ③ symbol ④ opportunity

【문 9】주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것은?

There are many wonders regarding the behaviors of animals. One of

them is the return of salmon to their birth place.

(A) How do they return to their birthplace so far away? Scientists

do not know exactly how a salmon “remembers” its way back

to its native stream after an ocean journey possibly lasting

several years and covering several thousand miles.

(B) Some of them theorize that this internal compass uses the

infinitely small electrical voltages generated by the ocean

currents as they travel through the earth’s magnetic field.

Others believe that the salmon’s homing mechanism may take

its cues from the varying salinities of the water or specific

smells encountered along the journey.

(C) They agree, however, that salmon, like homing pigeons, appear

to have an innate compass or “search recognition” mechanism

that operates independently of astronomical or physical signs.

① (A) – (C) – (B) ② (B) – (C) – (A)

③ (C) – (A) – (B) ④ (C) – (B) – (A)

【문 10】주어진 문장 다음에 이어질 순서로 적절한 것은?

[ Leaders who continually remind their followers of a long history of

outrages their nation has suffered produce a vengeful violent people. ]

(A) In contrast, Nelson Mandela tried to break the endless cycle of

violence. In leading South Africa, he refused to indulge in the

bitter past and moved his divided nation toward reconciliation.

(B) Similarly, Yakubu Gowon in Nigeria worked hard not to punish

the Ibo after the Biafran rebellion was crushed in the late 1960s,

preventing bloodshed.

(C) For example, Archbishop Makarios in Cyprus continued to stir

up hatred against the Turks after he came to power. This made

peace between Greeks and Turks almost impossible, and it did

much to set up the catastrophic invasion by the Turkish army.

① (A)-(B)-(C) ② (B)-(A)-(C)

③ (C)-(A)-(B) ④ (C)-(B)-(A)

【문 11】다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것을 고르세요.

Are you tired of always being told to “look on the bright side”?

Are you criticized for imagining worst-case scenarios? Do you wish

your optimistic friends would just leave you alone and let you be

negative? If you answered yes to any of these questions, you may

be one of the millions of people who have learned to cope with the

pressures of modern life by using defensive pessimism, a strategy of

imagining the worst-case scenario of any situation. Indulging in

negative thoughts like these actually helps people go on to do their

best by preparing for the worst. In fact, many people perform more

poorly when forced to think positive, since negative thinking is often

an effective strategy for managing anxiety.

① Looking on the Bright Side of Life

② Defensive Pessimism: A Risky Strategy

③ The Positive Power of Negative Thinking

④ Negative Thinking Versus Positive Illusions

【문 12】다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?

The Moon is more than a quarter of the diameter of the Earth,

which makes the Earth the only planet in the solar system with a

sizeable moon in comparison to itself. Then what difference does it

make to us? Without the Moon's steadying influence, the Earth

would wobble like a dying top causing dramatic changes in climate

and weather. The Moon's steady gravitational influence keeps the

Earth spinning at the right speed and angle to provide the sort of

stability necessary for the long and successful development of life.

This won't go on forever. The Moon is slipping from our planet at

a rate of about 1.5 inches a year. In another two billion years it

will have receded so far that it won't keep us steady and we will

have to come up with some other solution, but in the meantime

you should think of it as much more than just a pleasant feature in

the night sky.

①The Earth: Home of Life in the Universe

②Effects of Gravitational Pull in the Universe

③Conditions for Maintaining Life on the Earth

④The Moon: A Supportive Companion of the Earth

【문 13】다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 적절한 것은?

A good illustration of the importance of feedback is contained in

the responses of a group of blind women interviewed by a team of

Italian psychologists. They were asked ① describing the most

enjoyable experiences in their lives. For these women, many of ②

who had been sightless since birth, the most frequently mentioned

enjoyable experiences were the result of reading books in Braille,

praying, and helping each other in case of sickness or other need.

Of the people ③ were interviewed by the team, these blind women

stressed more than anyone else the importance of receiving clear

feedback as a condition for enjoying whatever they were doing. ④

Unable to see what was going on around them, they needed to

know even more than sighted people whether what they were trying

to accomplish was actually coming to pass.

【문 14】다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?

There are two reasons why it is important to face a feeling,

examine it and evaluate it at the time you encounter it, ① how

small it may be. One is that you get it off your chest before you

magnify it far beyond its true proportion. ② The other is that you

start to build patterns of feeling, thinking, and action which are

bound to bring about some change in your problem. The great

problems you may have, which ③ prevent you from enjoying live,

were originally small ones – when you were a child. You allowed

them to grow into monsters because you knew no better. Now as a

mature adult, you can know better – and you can gain that

knowledge by taking a fresh look at ④ yourself.

【문 1】본문의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?

Dear Mr. Moore

As you may already know, the National Association of Advertisers

will be holding its annual convention. Our records indicate that

your company has been an active participant in our last five annual

conventions and we are looking forward to seeing you again at the

gathering next year. Our main theme will be “Advertising in a

Virtual World.” But as usual we are looking for a variety of

participants that represent the entire spectrum of advertising activity.

Although the convention is still nine months away, it isn’t too early

to reserve space on the exhibition floor or time slots for

presentations. If your company is planning on taking part as an

exhibitor or presenter, please fill out the attached form and return it

to us as soon as possible. Bear in mind that exhibition space and

presentation times are allotted on a first come, first served basis to

those who put down a small holding fee, with the balance due 60

days before the convention begins. Also, there is a substantial 15 %

discount for early registration. We look forward to hearing from

you and to seeing you next July.

Sincerely, Clarence Dalton

Convention Committee Chairman

① This is not the first time for the National Association of

Advertisers to hold a convention.

② Only one theme will be addressed in the convention.

③ Nine months is left before the convention is held.

④ Fee is required to reserve exhibition space or presentation time.

【문 2】다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

As government functions in many countries are increasingly delivered

within democratic systems, it is essential that the capacity of all

branches of government, in addition to that of the executive branch,

also be developed. The important oversight functions of national

assembly or parliament, particularly in the allocation and use of

public funds, can, for example, only be adequately carried out if

their technical abilities are enhanced. Similarly, the capacity of the

judicial system would need to be strengthened if regulatory

frameworks are to be applied impartially, if secure systems of

property rights are to be upheld, and if an efficient system for the

enforcement of contractual obligations is to emerge.

① 신속한 국정 처리를 위해서 입법 절차가 간소화되어야 한다.

② 사법부의 행정부와 입법부 견제 기능이 보다 강화되어야 한다.

③ 사회가 발전할수록 정부 기능이 복잡하고 비대해지기 쉽다.

④ 정부의 각 기능별 능력은 치우침 없이 골고루 강화되어야 한다.

【문 3】다음 밑줄 친 부분 중, 지칭하는 대상이 나머지 셋과 다른 하나는?

When new hires start their careers with the Four Seasons Hotels,

they receive an immediate message about their importance to this

company. All new ① employees are asked to spend a night or two

in the hotel where they will work prior to joining the company.

They experience firsthand what it is like to be a guest in a luxury

hotel. ② They see their new workplace from the guest’s eyes before

being asked to see it from an employee’s perspective. The company

also lets new hires know right away that their ideas and input are

important. The companies askss that each new employee complete

detailed reports about ③ his or her stay, and from this information

④ they get valuable data to help them identify areas in the hotel

that may need additional attention. Both the new employee and the

hotel benefit from the experience.

【문 4】다음 글에서 밑줄 친 That attitude의 의미로 가장 적절한 것은?

Socrates believed that if you are truly wise you will not be obsessed

with possessions. Practicing to an extreme what he taught, he even

refused to wear shoes. Yet, he loved to visit the market place and

look with admiration at the great abundance of wares on display.

One day, someone asked him why he was interested in looking at

all those things. Socrates replied, “I love to go there and discover

how many things I am perfectly happy without.” That attitude is

contrary to the commercial messages that continually bombard our

eyes and ears. Advertisers spend millions telling us about the latest

products that we can’t be happy without.

① 물질에 초연한 것

② 말과 행동이 다른 것

③ 보편적 진리를 추구하는 것

④ 물질적인 만족을 추구하는 것

【문 5】글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?

For our ancestors, however, there was a problem with being an

omnivore.

Humans, like many primates, are omnivores, which means they eat

both plants and animals. Incidentally, it is interesting to note that

although we have some front cutting teeth, like those of carnivores,

our back teeth (molars) are more like those of herbivores. ( ① )

This is one of many facts that suggest that we have been omnivores

for some time. ( ② ) It has been argued from an evolutionary

perspective that there was a distinct advantage for our ancestors to

be omnivores; it meant they were not dependent on one type of

food source. ( ③ ) Should one supply run out, they could readily

shift to another source. ( ④ ) This increased the odds of being

poisoned. The more foods that one ate, the greater the likelihood of

being poisoned.

【문 6】다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

Pessimists are right when they say that, if the world continues as it

is, it will end in disaster for all humanity. If all transport depends

on oil, and oil runs out, then transport will cease. But notice the

conditional if. The world will not continue as it is. That is the

whole point of human progress, the whole message of cultural

evolution, and the whole import of dynamic change. The human

race has become a collective problem-solving machine and it solves

problems by changing its ways. It does so through invention driven

often by the market: scarcity drives up price, which encourages the

development of alternatives and of efficiencies. It has happened often

in history. When whales grew scarce, petroleum was used instead as

a source of oil. The pessimists' mistake is

.

① insisting that words speak louder than actions

② keeping their own insight and wisdom to themselves

③ assuming that the future is just a bigger version of the past

④ denying the notion of society and encouraging separateness

【문 7】글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?

Actually, however, dead things are not classified with non-living things;

for the latter has no life, but, more importantly, it never did possess life.

It may seem easy to define what living things are, but actually to

do so with scientific accuracy is really difficult. All that can be said

is that living things possess certain characteristics in common, and

these provide the power which results in the phenomenon of what

is called life. ( ① ) On the other hand, certain familiar objects,

such as a piece of glass or a bar of iron, have no life, and are said

to be non-living. ( ② ) A dead plant or animal could conceivably

be placed in the latter category. ( ③ ) On the other hand, a dead

thing, though it no longer possesses life, did so at one time. ( ④ )

There are, therefore, three groups of matter from the biologist’s

point of view: living, dead, and non-living.

【문 8】다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

Can anyone be joyous during wartime? For both winners and losers,

war is a curse. It brings nothing but death and destruction. It

destroys feelings of compassion and understanding, and it encourages

aggression and brutality. To those who argue that war is not a

curse but a reasonable and rational way to defend property and

prestige, I can only shake my head in sorrow. Even the necessity of

self-defense cannot be an adequate for war, the most

terrible of human tragedies.

① benefit ② justification ③ symbol ④ opportunity

【문 9】주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것은?

There are many wonders regarding the behaviors of animals. One of

them is the return of salmon to their birth place.

(A) How do they return to their birthplace so far away? Scientists

do not know exactly how a salmon “remembers” its way back

to its native stream after an ocean journey possibly lasting

several years and covering several thousand miles.

(B) Some of them theorize that this internal compass uses the

infinitely small electrical voltages generated by the ocean

currents as they travel through the earth’s magnetic field.

Others believe that the salmon’s homing mechanism may take

its cues from the varying salinities of the water or specific

smells encountered along the journey.

(C) They agree, however, that salmon, like homing pigeons, appear

to have an innate compass or “search recognition” mechanism

that operates independently of astronomical or physical signs.

① (A) – (C) – (B) ② (B) – (C) – (A)

③ (C) – (A) – (B) ④ (C) – (B) – (A)

【문 10】주어진 문장 다음에 이어질 순서로 적절한 것은?

[ Leaders who continually remind their followers of a long history of

outrages their nation has suffered produce a vengeful violent people. ]

(A) In contrast, Nelson Mandela tried to break the endless cycle of

violence. In leading South Africa, he refused to indulge in the

bitter past and moved his divided nation toward reconciliation.

(B) Similarly, Yakubu Gowon in Nigeria worked hard not to punish

the Ibo after the Biafran rebellion was crushed in the late 1960s,

preventing bloodshed.

(C) For example, Archbishop Makarios in Cyprus continued to stir

up hatred against the Turks after he came to power. This made

peace between Greeks and Turks almost impossible, and it did

much to set up the catastrophic invasion by the Turkish army.

① (A)-(B)-(C) ② (B)-(A)-(C)

③ (C)-(A)-(B) ④ (C)-(B)-(A)

【문 11】다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것을 고르세요.

Are you tired of always being told to “look on the bright side”?

Are you criticized for imagining worst-case scenarios? Do you wish

your optimistic friends would just leave you alone and let you be

negative? If you answered yes to any of these questions, you may

be one of the millions of people who have learned to cope with the

pressures of modern life by using defensive pessimism, a strategy of

imagining the worst-case scenario of any situation. Indulging in

negative thoughts like these actually helps people go on to do their

best by preparing for the worst. In fact, many people perform more

poorly when forced to think positive, since negative thinking is often

an effective strategy for managing anxiety.

① Looking on the Bright Side of Life

② Defensive Pessimism: A Risky Strategy

③ The Positive Power of Negative Thinking

④ Negative Thinking Versus Positive Illusions

【문 12】다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?

The Moon is more than a quarter of the diameter of the Earth,

which makes the Earth the only planet in the solar system with a

sizeable moon in comparison to itself. Then what difference does it

make to us? Without the Moon's steadying influence, the Earth

would wobble like a dying top causing dramatic changes in climate

and weather. The Moon's steady gravitational influence keeps the

Earth spinning at the right speed and angle to provide the sort of

stability necessary for the long and successful development of life.

This won't go on forever. The Moon is slipping from our planet at

a rate of about 1.5 inches a year. In another two billion years it

will have receded so far that it won't keep us steady and we will

have to come up with some other solution, but in the meantime

you should think of it as much more than just a pleasant feature in

the night sky.

①The Earth: Home of Life in the Universe

②Effects of Gravitational Pull in the Universe

③Conditions for Maintaining Life on the Earth

④The Moon: A Supportive Companion of the Earth

【문 13】다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 적절한 것은?

A good illustration of the importance of feedback is contained in

the responses of a group of blind women interviewed by a team of

Italian psychologists. They were asked ① describing the most

enjoyable experiences in their lives. For these women, many of ②

who had been sightless since birth, the most frequently mentioned

enjoyable experiences were the result of reading books in Braille,

praying, and helping each other in case of sickness or other need.

Of the people ③ were interviewed by the team, these blind women

stressed more than anyone else the importance of receiving clear

feedback as a condition for enjoying whatever they were doing. ④

Unable to see what was going on around them, they needed to

know even more than sighted people whether what they were trying

to accomplish was actually coming to pass.

【문 14】다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?

There are two reasons why it is important to face a feeling,

examine it and evaluate it at the time you encounter it, ① how

small it may be. One is that you get it off your chest before you

magnify it far beyond its true proportion. ② The other is that you

start to build patterns of feeling, thinking, and action which are

bound to bring about some change in your problem. The great

problems you may have, which ③ prevent you from enjoying live,

were originally small ones – when you were a child. You allowed

them to grow into monsters because you knew no better. Now as a

mature adult, you can know better – and you can gain that

knowledge by taking a fresh look at ④ yourself.

【문 1】다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은?

Improving communication skills is not about improving your ability

to manipulate people. It is concerned with breaking down the ①

barriers between people so that we can get on better together or

work together more effectively. The art of good communication is

②sensitivity to the needs of others. Being able to see the world

through other people’s eyes, ears or feelings is a very valuable, and

very rare, skill. Most of the time we are so engrossed with our own

lives, and our needs and desires, that we simply ③fail to take into

account other people’s needs. Ironically, some of the people for

whom we cause the most problems are the ones closest to us. Our

family and friends, and the people who work for us, tend to be the

ones whom we take most for granted and are the ones with whom

we make the ④most effort to communicate.

【문 2】다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

Even if the inventors in an impoverished country are able to

develop new scientific approaches to meet local economic needs, the

chances of recouping investments in research and development

through later sales in the local market are very low. The local

purchasing power to buy a new product is tiny, and will not

guarantee sufficient profits if an invention is successfully brought to

market, even if the impoverished country has state-of-the-art patent

legislation. The problem is not the property rights to the invention,

but the size of the market. There is, therefore, a huge difference

between rich and poor countries in their tendency to innovate. Rich

countries have a big market, which increases the incentive for

innovation, brings new technologies to market, further raises

productivity and expands the size of the market, and creates new

incentives for innovation. This momentum creates, in effect, a chain

reaction. Innovation raises the size of the market; a larger market

raises the incentives for innovation.

① ways to help poor countries escape poverty

② the correlation between economic growth and innovation

③ effects of innovative thinking on technology development

④ the necessity of protecting the property rights of inventors

【문 3】(A), (B), (C)에서 문맥에 맞는 낱말로 가장 적절한 것은?

It is sometimes argued that for many women the decision to work

is not as important as that for men because they work only to

provide “extras,” which are often listed as a second car, a vacation

home, restaurant meals ─ items that can be seen as (A)

indispensable / unnecessary. If this is so, then women can be paid

less because their earnings are not essential and their attachment to

the labor force is occasional. Some other people, however, point out

that this argument is (B) unconvincing / inevitable for two reasons.

First, not all women are one-half of a couple, and approximately

half of all families headed by women live below the poverty level.

Their need for income is as great as, or greater than, a man’s. But,

more importantly, it is (C) unethical / conventional to pay one

individual less than another individual for the same work.

(A) (B) (C)

① indispensable unconvincing conventional

② indispensable inevitable unethical

③ unnecessary inevitable conventional

④ unnecessary unconvincing unethical

【문 4】다음 글에서 밑줄 친 the wrong side의 의미로 가장 적절한 것은?

Hippocrates said, “Life is short, the art long, opportunity fleeting,

experiment treacherous, judgment difficult.” Happiness and success in

life do not depend on our circumstances, but on ourselves. The

problem is that man is great but he is in the wrong side. You can

see many examples in history. More men have ruined themselves

than have ever been destroyed by others: more houses and cities

have perished at the hands of man, than storms or earthquakes have

ever destroyed. We are sure to suffer, but it is we, ourselves, who

are to be blamed.

① 운명 순응적 태도 ② 자기 파괴적 속성

③ 역사에 대한 무지 ④ 책임지지 않는 자세

【문 5】글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳

은?

As civilization grew, more and different pollutants were dumped

into the seas. ( ① ) Still, this pollution did not really threaten the

marine environment. ( ② ) The seas seemed capable of coping with

anything that people threw at them. ( ③ ) Now, factories are

beginning to dump enormous quantities of materials into the seas. (

④ ) Especially in some coastal areas near large cities, ocean

pollution is beginning to threaten marine life. For the first time, the

oceans are beginning to fail in their ability to recycle humanity’s

wastes.

【문 6】다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약할 때, 빈칸에 들어갈 것으로

적절한 것은?

Imagine a child playing on the beach below a cliff. He finds a

cave, full of excitement, goes in. Suddenly fear seizes him. In the

deep dark of the cave, he cannot see the way ahead. What is

frightening him is the sense of the unknown stretching into the

black distance. Most of our worries in life can be like this. Our

anxiety is not about something specific, but a sense that unknown

and unexplored possibilities may be out of sight far ahead. We can

place a limit on these worries by asking: "What is the worst that

can happen?" More often than not, the worst that we fear is much

less terrible than our vague fear. Once we know the worst, we can

face it directly and work out more sensibly what to do.

In many cases, our anxiety comes from the sense of ( A ), and

the solution to the problem is to think ahead about the ( B )

situation.

(A) (B)

① hostility whole

② hostility worst

③ uncertainty whole

④ uncertainty worst

【문 7】밑줄 친 부분 중 어법상 적절한 것은?

Earth is surrounded by a life-giving gaseous envelope ① called the

atmosphere. This thin blanket of air is an integral part of the

planet. It provides the air that we breathe and protects us from the

sun's intense heat and dangerous radiation. The energy exchanges

that continually occur between the atmosphere and space ② produce

the effects ③ in which we call weather. If, like the moon, Earth

had no atmosphere, our planet would be lifeless, and many of the

processes and interactions that make the surface such a dynamic

place could not operate. Without weathering and erosion, the face

of our planet might more closely ④ resemble the lunar surface,

which has not changed much in nearly three billion years.

【문 8】주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것은?

Early automobiles had no windows to shield motorists from strong

winds. To make driving more comfortable and promote sales, the

automobile manufacturers finally installed glass windshields.

(A) A Frenchman, named Eduard Benedictus, provided a solution:

He invented the safety glass. It consisted of a sheet of celluloid

sandwiched between two sheets of ordinary glass.

(B) The addition of plastic gives enhanced flexibility – safety glass

bulges rather than shatters on impact. Should the windshield

break, the shattered glass sticks to the plastic rather than flies

off in splinters.

(C) Thanks to their efforts, motorists were no longer buffeted by

high winds. However, glass windshields easily broke, showering

the auto and its occupants with deadly fragments.

① (A) – (C) – (B) ② (B) – (A) – (C)

③ (C) – (A) – (B) ④ (C) – (B) – (A)

【문 9】밑줄 친 부분 중 어법상 적절한 것은?

Whether we like it or not, the system of copyright, one of the

purposes of ① it has been to provide a fair reward for artists, ② is

rapidly being removed from artistic creation itself and brought into

the realms of big business. What we see too is the build-up of

complete legal control over every artistic creation. The cultural

conglomerates buy rights all over the place, surround them with

extremely detailed property regulations, and ③ hiring highly

specialized lawyers to defend their interests. The consequence is that

every artist who has created or performed something has to take

care that ④ their work is not taken away by a cultural industry.

【문 10】다음 글에 나타난 저자의 생각과 일치하는 것은?

With the number of cell phone users at an all-time high and the

trend showing no signs of relenting, certain consumer safety

organizations are taking a closer look at the dangers of cell phone

use. The primary concern among safety advocates is radiation;

although cell phones emit only slightly more radiation than

televisions and about one-third that of microwaves, the long-lasting

proximity of cell phones to the body has some people worried.

Speculations have focused on reproductive health and an increased

risk of certain cancers. Since the long-term impact of cell phone

radiation will not be known for many years, it would perhaps be

wise of users to take simple precautions that reduce exposure time.

① Cell phone radiation has been shown to be linked to certain

types of cancer.

② Most people receive more radiation exposure from phones than

from microwaves.

③ The dangers of cell phone use may be mitigated by reducing

length of exposure.

④ Speculations that cell phones are hazardous will likely be

refuted scientifically.

【문 11】다음 빈칸에 들어갈 가장 알맞은 말은?

Research has shown that the most important determinant of

whether one indulges in junk food or healthy snacks at the office is

__________. As long as you have a healthy snack within reach, you

will not be so tempted to go to the vending machine. In fact, the

typical office worker who is under pressure to meet a deadline does

not take the time to consider what the most nutritious snack might

be. Instead, most office workers will simply wolf down the closest

thing they can get their hands on. When snacking, the nutritional

value of the contents is not taken into consideration. For your

health, it is necessary that healthy snacks be closer at hand than

unhealthy snacks.

① affordability ② availability

③ applicability ④ compatibility

【문 12】다음 중 어법상 적절하지 않은 것은?

Psychologists studying infant attachment have observed the way

one-year-olds react ① to being taken care of by unfamiliar adults,

to their parents' leaving, and to their reunions. They have found

that babies who ② feel secure may be upset when their parents

return, but they allow themselves to be comforted before long as

they are held and talked to. But babies who feel insecure about

their parents' emotional availability ③ responds to reunions

differently, usually in one of two ways. One is a dismissing or

avoiding style, in which the child ignores her parents when they

return. When her parents try to comfort her, she may push them

away from the body. ④ The other is an anxious style, in which the

baby clings to the parents upon the parents' return and seems

difficult to comfort.

【문 13】아래 주어진 사전 뜻풀이 가운데, 밑줄 친 treat의 의미로 가장

적절한 것은?

Imagine a computer working as a doctor. It was considered as a

dream, but now it is regarded as a reality. A computer can help

diagnose illness. First, it stores great amounts of information. And

that information can be given easily to those who need it. When

people need the information about their disease, people can know

how to treat it by using the information in its memory. As the use

of computers increases, doctors need to know more information and

to put it into computer. The question is: How can a computer deal

with those who suffer from mental illness? In the near future, we

need to find how to deal with this matter.

① deal with someone : He seemed to treat me as a child.

② consider or regard : He will treat this matter as unimportant.

③ clear someone of some disease : The dentists will treat your tooth.

④ give hospitality to someone : You should treat all the guests fairly.

【문 1】다음 글에서 필자가 느끼는 심경으로 가장 알맞은 것은?

With text messages, you can make entire conversations without

ever reaching anyone. If my mom has a question, I just leave the

answer on her cell phone. Pumping gas at the station? Why say

good morning to the assistant when you can swipe your credit card

at the pump and save yourself the bother of human contact? More

and more, I find myself hiding behind e-mail to do a job meant for

conversation. The technology devoted to helping me keep in touch

with others has made me lonely. I own a mobile phone, a credit

card, and an e-mail account. They are great for what they are

intended to do. It's their unintended results that make me sad. What

good is all this incredible technology if there is no one in the room

to hear me crying out "Incredible"?

① light-hearted ② depressed ③ perky ④ pleased

【문 2】다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

If we could take snapshots of what was happening on planet Earth

at intervals of a few hundred thousand years, starting at its early

stages as a gigantic mass of coalescing gasses, what we would see is

a movement toward increasing complexity in material structures.

More and more complex molecules of inanimate matter are followed

by the first simple living organisms. Then the one-celled life-forms

join into multicellular systems with specialized internal organs,

culminating in an ever more differentiated and integrated nervous

system. Finally the big brain of humans makes it possible for them

to take evolution to a new level: that of culture, where more and

more complex information need no longer be coded in the genes,

but can be compressed in memes - units of learning contained in

media such as stories, books, and computers.

① How Magnificent Planet Earth Is!

② Development of Learning Units in Media

③ How Human Beings Came into Planet Earth?

④ Evolution of Complexity on Planet Earth

【문 3】다음 글의 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

One of the most important and difficult jobs of archaeologists is

dating their finds. Determining the age of human fossils makes it

possible to understand when and where the first humans emerged.

(A) , the dating of artifacts left by humans helps them understand

the growth of early societies. How, then, do archaeologists determine

the ages of the artifacts and fossils they find? One valuable method is

radiocarbon dating. All living things absorb a small amount of

radioactive carbon (C-14) from the atmosphere. After a living thing

dies, it slowly loses C-14. Using radiocarbon dating, an archeologist

can calculate the age of an object by measuring the amount of C-14

left in it. (B) , radiocarbon dating is only accurate for dating

objects that are no more than about 50,000 years old. Another

method - thermoluminescence dating - enables archaeologists to make

relatively precise measurements back to 200,000 years, by measuring

the light given off by electrons trapped in the soil surrounding fossils.

(A) (B)

① Likewise …… However

② Likewise …… Thus

③ However …… Otherwise

④ However …… Similarly

【문 4】밑줄 친 어휘 중, 문맥상 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은?

The insults of childhood and adolescence leave us tender in certain

areas. Though we may appear tough and ①indifferent, in fact, we

are quite vulnerable. When words or actions are reminiscent of

wounding episodes, they awaken strong reactions. You may be ②

unconscious exactly why a particular action provokes such a strong

reaction, but a little introspection may reveal the reason. If you have

been a victim of exclusion, you are alert now to its possibility. If

you have been called stupid or clumsy, you are ③insensitive to

slights on the score of intelligence and physical grace. Some of the

damage has been ④self-inflicted, comparing yourself to others who

you think are more popular, beautiful, or accomplished.

【문 5】다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

In most cases, anger is characterized by ________________. In a

study, participants in a conflict were asked to provide narratives

about their anger experiences. Angry people nearly always insisted

that the other person's behavior was wrong, while their own was

justified. They described the offenders' actions as unreasonable,

arbitrary, and selfish. The offenders did not see their actions in this

way at all, and offered reasonable explanations of their motivation

and behavior. Descriptions of the incidents were entirely different.

The individuals who had been angered described the incidents in

long-term contexts, not allowing for circumstances. The offenders

held a much more favorable view toward things. Although

acknowledging that they had done wrong, the offenders minimized

the severity of the incidents.

① a prior bad experience

② a physical or emotional pain

③ a low tolerance for frustration

④ a gap in individual understanding

【문 6】주어진 문장이 들어가기에 적절한 곳은?

For example, U.S. development of cheap and efficient solar power

will not limit China's use of this resource; moreover. China would

likely improve the technology, thus offering benefits to other users.

Global climatic stability and ecological resilience are global public

goods that require cooperative global solutions, whereas fossil fuels

are market goods that promote competition and resource struggles.

① The transition to sustainability demands new energy sources that

are "non-rival," such as energy from the sun and wind. ②

Unfortunately, international trade institutions such as the World

Trade Organization give priority to private, market goods and

services at the expense of public goods. ③ Countries that cannot

afford renewable energy technologies will continue to burn coal,

preventing the new technologies from helping to address climate

change. ④ Open access to information about renewable energy

technologies is needed to solve this problem.

【문 7】다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

Pollen is the male germ seed of flowering plants. A fine powder

that plants need to make seeds, it is gathered by bees in the process

of collecting nectar for honey and harvested by pollen collectors as

the bees fly back into the hive. Not only does it contain all the

water-soluble vitamins, but it offers a rich supply of minerals, trace

elements and enzymes as well as hormonal substances beneficial to

human beings. As such it is probably the perfect 'skin food.' A

thrice daily dose of raw pollen can do wonders for ailing skin -

whether the problem is acne, excessive dryness or hypersensitivity. It

can also improve the look and feel of normal healthy skin. But

pollen's ____________________ don't stop here. It has been a favorite

of Olympic athletes since ancient times and still is. Those who use

it claim it increases strength and endurance, improves performance

and helps prevent minor infections.

① health-promoting properties

② great reproductive abilities

③ allergy-causing substances

④ insect-attracting chemicals

【문 8】Robert Goddard에 관한 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?

The man who launched the first rocket on March 16, 1926, was

Robert Goddard. He had long dreamed of sending a rocket into

space. The flight of this rocket, while not outstanding in distance,

did prove that his ideas about rocket flight were correct. It reached

a height of 184 feet. By 1935, his rockets reached a height of 7,500

feet and speeds of over 700 miles per hour. Goddard also launched

the first instrumented rocket in 1929. The instruments in this rocket

were a barometer and a thermometer with a small camera set to

record their reaching. In the early days of Goddard's experiments, he

was laughed at and called "moon man." In spite of the problems he

faced, Dr. Goddard continued his work until his death in 1945. His

work has earned him another name today. This named is said in

praise of what he did. He is called "the father of modern rockets."

① 1929년 최초의 도구가 실린 로켓을 발사했다.

② 1935년 7,500 피트의 높이로 로켓을 발사했다.

③ 실험을 시작하면서 '현대 로켓의 아버지'라고 불렸다.

④ 로켓 비행에 관한 자신의 생각이 옳았음을 입증했다.

【문 9】주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것은?

Nowadays there are many kinds of mass media. The electronic

media – television and radio – have more problems than the press

when it comes to news reporting among them. First, a normal

broadcast covers only a small part of news a day.

(A) It's because its object is to transmit the gist of a story without

supplying its background. Another problem of electronic news

broadcasting is its transient nature.

(B) Nevertheless, since radio and television present news in a terse

way, they are accepted by most people as the most convincing

presentation of news above newspapers.

(C) Due to this transient nature, once information is provided, it

will never be repeated again. Therefore the viewer or listener

may miss an important story if his attention wanders.

① (A) - (B) - (C) ② (A) - (C) - (B)

③ (B) - (A) - (C) ④ (C) - (A) - (B)

【문 10】다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸 (A)와

(B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

To describe what happens to common resources as a result of

human greed, Garrett Hardin used the example of an area of pasture

on which all the cattle-owners are permitted to graze their animals

free of charge. Seeking to maximize his gain, each cattle-owner

considers the advantage and disadvantage of adding one more animal

to the herd. The advantage is that the cattle-owner receives the

whole of the profit from the sale of the additional animal. The

disadvantage is that the extra grazing contributes to the deterioration

of the pasture. However, the disadvantage is shared among all the

cattle-owners using the pasture, so the individual owner suffers only

a fraction of the disadvantage. Consequently, the advantage is bound

to exceed the disadvantage. So it is inevitable that more and more

animals will be brought onto the pasture until overgrazing totally

destroys the pasture.

Garrett Hardin suggests that when a resource is (A) to all,

(B) will inevitably destroy it.

(A) (B)

① available free overuse

② absolutely indispensable overuse

③ distributed equally inefficiency

④ totally inaccessible inefficiency

【문 11】다음 글에서 전체의 흐름과 관계 없는 문장은?

The term dark side of the Moon really should be used to mean

the night side ─ that is, the side facing away from the Sun.

Unfortunately, dark side traditionally meant what would better be

called the far side ─ the face that can never be seen from the

Earth. ① Many people still refer to the far side as the "dark side,"

even though this side is not necessarily dark. ② For example, during

new moon the far side faces the Sun and hence is completely sunlit.

③ The full moon appears larger when it is closer to the Earth and

smaller when it is farther away. ④ The only time the far side is

completely dark is at the full moon, when it faces away from both

the Sun and the Earth.

5 실전모의고사 영어􀀁 02회】

문 1】밑줄 친 부분에 들어갈 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

We are than we used to be. In the 19th century, a

novelist would bring a story to a conclusion by presenting his

readers with a series of coincidences, most of which are wildly

improbable. Readers happily accepted the fact that an obscure

maid-servant was really the hero’s mother. A long-lost brother,

who was presumed dead, was really alive all the time and wickedly

plotting to bring about the hero’s downfall, and so on. Modern

readers would find such naive solutions totally unacceptable. Yet, in

real life, circumstances do sometimes conspire to bring about

coincidences which anyone but a nineteenth century novelist would

find incredible.

① less active ② less credulous

③ more courageous ④ more vulnerable

【문 2】글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?

[ But by far the biggest problem is that roads break habitats apart

and disrupt the migration of some species. ]

There are reports that the Tanzanian government is preparing to

build a major road through the northern part of the vast Serengeti

National Park in Tanzania. Good roads are, of course, an important

part of economic development as they connect isolated communities

and allow for the trucking of commodities between inland areas and

port cities. ( ① ) However, roads are usually catastrophic for

animals because they allow the easy spread of invasive foreign plant

species, as car tires often carry their seeds. ( ② ) Roads also allow

the rapid spread of animal diseases, and lead to an increase in

illegal hunting, building, and other human activities. ( ③ ) In fact,

some migrant animals have to cross roads, which can put their lives

at risk. ( ④ )The usual solution is to fence the road, but it would

likely stop migration, which would destroy wildlife in the Serengeti

in the end.

【문 3】다음 글의 빈 칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

It is clear that the short story must be short. This means that space

at the disposal of a writer is short and limited. It is because of this

that Barry Pain, an English poet and writer, reminds us that the

writer of short stories has to show a good deal of common sense -

the same common sense that a hostess has in holding a very small

room. The wise hostess calls just the number she can accommodate.

Similarly, the writer of a short story should see that, in order to

bring out his theme or to produce the proper narrative effect, he

chooses the number of characters just required for the presentation

of the theme. If two characters are enough, he should not introduce

three, for in the short story, so that a

concentrated, single impression is produced. Edgar Allen Poe’s short

stories are good examples of this. In A Descent into the Maelstrom,

for instance, we see how every detail is carefully used. There is

absolutely nothing superfluous in the story.

① every detail should be metaphorical

② utmost economy has to be practiced

③ the number of words used is not limited

④ the writer violates the principle of writing

【문 4】다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

Currently, the majority of the world’s electricity is generated by

using fossil fuels. Some estimates suggest that oil could be exhausted

within 50 years and coal within 25 years. Thus we may have to

find a new source of energy or start to convert to an overwhelming

use of nuclear energy. But estimates of how long fossil fuel

resources will last have remained unchanged for the last few

decades. Predicting when these fuels will be depleted is virtually

impossible because new deposits may be discovered and because the

rate of use cannot be predicted accurately. In addition, some experts

estimate that the world has as much natural gas as can be used for

350 years. We have no current need to search for a new power

source. Money spent on such exploration would be better spent on

creating technology to clean the emission from power stations.

① 동력자원들의 안전성에 대한 평가가 시급하다.

② 현대세계는 화석연료의 고갈로 에너지 위기를 겪고 있다.

③ 지금 당장 화석연료를 대체할 동력원을 찾을 필요는 없다.

④ 화석연료의 사용은 많은 한계 상황과 불이익을 초래한다.

【문 5】(A), (B), (C)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절하게 짝지어진 것은?

One way stereotypes influence competence is that they cause

stereotype targets to be perceived and treated differently than

non-targets. Stereotypes were nicely described long ago by Walter

Lippan as "the pictures in our heads" that (A) [ simplify /

complicate ] the world by saving us the trouble of thinking when

we meet people. These pictures function as expectations of what

people in particular categories will be like and what they can and

cannot do. Thus they allow us to fill in the blanks when

information is (B) [ ambiguous / obvious ]. The problem is that

stereotypes are overgeneralizations; they (B) [ discourage / encourage

] simplistic thinking that ignores individual differences between

people who belong to certain categories. Not everyone believes the

stereotypes, but most people in the culture are aware of them.

Regardless of whether we come to hold these stereotypes as strong

convictions or merely as familiar-but-distrusted images, knowledge

of their content alone can bias perception of stereotype targets.

(A) (B) (C)

① simplify ambiguous encourage

② simplify obvious discourage

③ complicate ambiguous discourage

④ complicate obvious encourage

【문 6】다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?

In 1637 Rene Descartes predicted that it would be possible to make

a machine that thinks as humans do. That was a rather astonishing

observation considering that the concept of the analytical machine

was devised by Charles Babbage only two hundred years later.

Babbage never completed his analytical engine but his theories laid

the early foundation for artificial intelligence. The father of Artificial

Intelligence was Alan Mathison Turing. In 1950 he declared that in

the future there would be a machine that would duplicate human

intelligence. He devised a test, known as the “Turing test,” to be

used to prove artificial intelligence. In 1947 Turing argued that the

brain could itself be regarded as a computer.

① various uses of artificial intelligence

② the limitation of artificial intelligence

③ characteristics of artificial intelligence

④ the development of artificial intelligenceㅍ

5 실전모의고사 영어􀀁 02회】손진숙􀀁 교수

문 7】다음 중 어법상 옳은 것은?

In her novel Jane Eyre, Charlotte Bronte explores the possibility of

resisting a ① male-dominating society. These male characters in the

novel try to suppress Jane’s free will, not allowing her ② to freely

express her thoughts and feelings. But she does not yield to their

pressure, ③ nor does she accepts Victorian stereotypes about

women. Believing that women are ④ equally to men, Jane claims

that women should be allowed to pursue education and careers.

【문 8】빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것끼리 짝지은 것은?

Whoever you are, you can’t dispense with the pen. You may

express yourself by speech, but it is only through the pen that your

messages can be recorded and passed on. That is why we have been

able to know our history. (A) , the moment our pen

scratches on paper, it seems as if our thoughts are floating like a

boat; traveling on an unending journey around a much more

colorful world than could ever be imagined. (B) , while

lazy people try hard to avoid the trouble of using the pen, the wise

can hardly wait to make the best use of it to create a joyful and

meaningful life.

(A) (B)

① Besides For this reason

② Besides On the other hand

③ Nevertheless For this reason

④ Nevertheless In other words

【문 9】주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것은?

Bulimia, the Greek word for hunger, is the name of an eating

disorder that afflicts thousands of people.

(A) Although bulimics used to hide their disease for fear of ridicule,

that is no longer the case today.

(B) Much has been written about this frustrating disease, and no

one considers it as an amusing subject but as an illness in

which patterns of eating are not those of most people.

(C) Its victims, most often young women, continue to eat long after

their hunger is satisfied, and they keep eating until they feel

overcome by nausea, usually vomiting after too much eating not

to gain weight.

① (B) – (A) – (C) ② (B) – (C) – (A)

③ (C) – (A) – (B) ④ (C) – (B) – (A)

【문 10】밑줄 친 부분에 들어갈 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

Positive thinking is a belief that you can will anything you like into

happening. Often, the worse things are, the more passionately people

are encouraged to be sunny. But Barbara Ehrenreich, the author of

How Relentless Promotion of Positive Thinking Has Undermined

America, calls positive thinking a “mass delusion.” She claims that a

persistent drive to train our brains to overlook problems and blame

ourselves for failures has blinded us to inequality, incompetence, and

stupidity. She argues that positive thought has at times made us deaf

to the pleas of those who warn of potential dangers — the Iraqi

resistance, Hurricane Katrina, 9/11, and the Wall Street collapse.

Urging the positive is not just beside the point when our

circumstances are rotten, it’s also dangerously distracting. That’s why

she dedicates her book to ____________________, who have been

attacked.

① motivational speakers

② competent leaders

② eternal optimists

④ negative thinkers

【문 11】다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?

Most people who have trouble with schoolwork don’t lack

intelligence – instead they are tripped up by their own attitudes

towards the work. One attitude that gets in many students’ way is

the “I can’t do it.” syndrome. Instead of making an honest effort to

do the work, the “I can’t do it” type gives up before he or she

begins. Then there’s the “I’m too tired.” excuse. Students with this

problem give in to the temptation to nap whenever there is work to

be done. Another common excuse for low achievement is “The

instructor is boring.” These students expect every course to be highly

entertaining and claim they can’t be expected to learn anything

otherwise.

① the importance of learners’ attitudes

② the important roles of the instructor

③ why students neglect their schoolwork

④ how to deal with the temptation to nap

【문 12】글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?

But fortunately, they do not exert effort to do so.

While driving through the country you may have seen horses

standing motionless in a field or on a farm. These horses may have

been sleeping. Did you ever wonder why horses sleep standing up? (

① ) Like all animals, they only find a way to sleep that keeps them

safe from harm. ( ② ) In other words, they instinctively know how

to sleep and where to sleep so that they are safe from predators

and from environmental dangers. ( ③ ) They sleep this way so that

they can flee from danger quickly. ( ④ ) Horses have a unique

network of ligaments and bones which lock their legs into a

standing position, so they can easily sleep in their standing position

and feel less likely to be attacked when sleeping in this position.

【문 13】다음 중 어법상 적절하지 않은 것을 고르시오.

The Red Cross is an international organization ① which cares for

people who are in need of help. The idea of forming an

organization to help ② sick and wounded during a war was

initiated by Jean Henri Dunant. The most important result of his

work was an international treaty ③ called the Geneva Convention.

It protected prisoners of war, the sick and wounded, and other

citizens during a war. The Korean Red Cross was set up in 1906.

The Red Cross in Korea has provided a number of services for the

public, such as helping people in need, teaching first aid, and ④

providing blood.

【문 14】밑줄 친 부분에 들어갈 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

Rome is more than just the capital city of Italy. Glamorously rich

in art, culture and architecture, it seems to represent what is

commendable about the Western world. The history of Rome is, to

be sure, one of human and artistic efforts without match. If you

take a good look at the city, , the history of Rome

also lets us know the seamier side of it, which is mainly a story of

atrocity, corruption and moral degeneration. Established in fratricide,

the city carried on through raiding, burglarizing and occupying other

cities. It is perhaps this poignant combination of high triumph and

base degradation that has enamored people with Rome for centuries.

① instead ② however

③ moreover ④ for example

5 실전모의고사 영어􀀁 01회】

문 1】다음 글에서 밑줄 친 Similar problems가 뜻하는 의미로 가장 적

절한 것은?

Mary Goddard first got into printing at the age of twenty-four

when her brother opened a printing shop in Providence, Rhode

Island, in 1762. When he proceeded to get into trouble with his

partners and creditors, it was Mary Goddard and her mother who

were left to run the shop. In 1765 they began publishing the

Providence Gazette, a weekly newspaper. Similar problems seemed to

follow her brother as he opened businesses in Philadelphia and again

in Baltimore. Each time Ms. Goddard was brought in to run the

newspapers. After starting Baltimore’s first newspaper, The Maryland

Journal, in 1773, her brother went broke trying to organize a

colonial postal service. While he was in debtor’s prison, Mary

Katherine Goddard’s name appeared on the newspaper’s masthead

for the first time.

① 채권자들과의 분쟁

② 신규 사업에 대한 부모와의 갈등

③ 신문 발행과 관련된 법규 위반

④ 신문 발행에 따른 가족 간의 불화

【문 2】다음 글의 요지로 적절한 것은?

Although praise may encourage children to continue an activity

while an adult is watching, according to recent studies, they are less

likely to continue the activity when the adult leaves or to repeat the

activity in the future. Rather than increasing children’s commitment

to positive behavior, praise encourages children to find ways to get

future verbal “goodies” from important adults. In other words, praise

is like the large pink icing rose in the center of a cake. It is

appealing and at first bite its sweetness tastes wonderful. A couple

more bites still might taste good, but it quickly become overly

sweet. It has only one simple flavor; we are soon tired of it and if

we eat very much at any one time, we might even feel slightly ill. It

may provide some quick energy but it provides no nourishment and

doesn’t support growth or health.

① 칭찬은 어린이의 바람직한 행동을 유발할 수 있다.

② 칭찬은 어린이에게 장기적으로 효과가 없을 수 있다.

③ 어린이를 칭찬할 때는 달콤한 언어를 삼가야 한다.

④ 어린이를 칭찬하는 어른은 일관성을 유지해야 한다.

【문 3】다음 글에서 전체 흐름과 관계 없는 문장은?

In almost all countries, nuclear energy has been incorrectly packaged

as “clean, renewable energy” simply because it produces no carbon

emissions. This may be true, but it is also a fact that nuclear power

plants produce a by-product that is far more dangerous than

carbon: live radioactive waste. ① Of all the energy sources, nuclear

energy has definitely the lowest impact on our environment,

including land, water, and air. ② Although not widely known,

nuclear power plants must shut down approximately every eighteen

months to replace their fuel rods. ③ The old fuel rods contain

short-lived, low-level poisons as well as a highly toxic, radioactive

material called Np-237, which has a half-life of more than two

million years. ④ Today we produce the “equivalent of one-hundred

two-level buses” of nuclear waste every year- waste that has to be

stored somewhere.

*half-life (방사성 수소 원자 수가 최초의 반으로 줄 때까

지 걸리는 시간)

【문 4】다음 글에서 밑줄 친 reap its full benefits의 의미로 가장 적절

한 것은?

Normal, refreshing sleep consists of five stages. The first four get

progressively deeper. Then the body eases out of the deepest sleep

and into a fifth stage called REM (rapid eye movement). These

stages come and go in cycles throughout the night, but the deepest

stages when the brain is most out of touch with conscious reality

appear to be the most crucial for feeling rested and refreshed. If you

suffer frequent brief awakenings that don’t register consciously, you

may never reach the deepest stage, or you may stay there only

briefly, and so be unable to reap its full benefits.

① 잠에서 완전히 깨다

② 잠깐 동안 잠을 자다

③ 밤새 꿈을 꾸며 잠을 자다

④ 푹 자서 원기를 되찾다

【문 5】글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?

The diseases could be prevented or cured by consuming foods that

contained the vitamins.

The first two decades of this century were dominated by the

microbe hunters. ( ① ) These hunters had tracked down one after

another of the microbes responsible for the most dreaded scourges

of many centuries: tuberculosis, cholera, diphtheria. ( ② ) But there

remained some terrible diseases for which no microbe could be

incriminated: scurvy, rickets, beriberi. ( ③ ) Then it was discovered

that these diseases were caused by the lack of vitamins, a trace

substance in the diet. ( ④ ) And so in the decades of the 1920’s

and 1930’s, nutrition became a science and the vitamin hunters

replaced the microbe hunters.

【문 6】다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

Public policies often end up with . For

example, consider public policy regarding auto safety. How does a

seat belt law affect auto safety? The direct effect is obvious: When

a person wears a seat belt, the probability of surviving a major auto

accident rises. But that’s not the end of the story because the law

also affects the behavior of the drivers. The relevant behavior here is

the speed and care with which drivers operate their cars. They drive

more slowly and carefully when the danger level is high. For

example, people drive more slowly and carefully when roads are icy

than when roads are clear. People respond to seat belts as they

would to an improvement in road condition – by driving faster

and less carefully. The end result of a seat belt law, therefore, is a

large number of accidents.

① unintended consequences

② widespread safety benefits

③ solutions to other problems

④ inconvenience in everyday lifeㅍ

5 실전모의고사 영어􀀁 01회】손진숙􀀁 교수

문 1】다음 글에서 밑줄 친 Similar problems가 뜻하는 의미로 가장 적

절한 것은?

Mary Goddard first got into printing at the age of twenty-four

when her brother opened a printing shop in Providence, Rhode

Island, in 1762. When he proceeded to get into trouble with his

partners and creditors, it was Mary Goddard and her mother who

were left to run the shop. In 1765 they began publishing the

Providence Gazette, a weekly newspaper. Similar problems seemed to

follow her brother as he opened businesses in Philadelphia and again

in Baltimore. Each time Ms. Goddard was brought in to run the

newspapers. After starting Baltimore’s first newspaper, The Maryland

Journal, in 1773, her brother went broke trying to organize a

colonial postal service. While he was in debtor’s prison, Mary

Katherine Goddard’s name appeared on the newspaper’s masthead

for the first time.

① 채권자들과의 분쟁

② 신규 사업에 대한 부모와의 갈등

③ 신문 발행과 관련된 법규 위반

④ 신문 발행에 따른 가족 간의 불화

【문 2】다음 글의 요지로 적절한 것은?

Although praise may encourage children to continue an activity

while an adult is watching, according to recent studies, they are less

likely to continue the activity when the adult leaves or to repeat the

activity in the future. Rather than increasing children’s commitment

to positive behavior, praise encourages children to find ways to get

future verbal “goodies” from important adults. In other words, praise

is like the large pink icing rose in the center of a cake. It is

appealing and at first bite its sweetness tastes wonderful. A couple

more bites still might taste good, but it quickly become overly

sweet. It has only one simple flavor; we are soon tired of it and if

we eat very much at any one time, we might even feel slightly ill. It

may provide some quick energy but it provides no nourishment and

doesn’t support growth or health.

① 칭찬은 어린이의 바람직한 행동을 유발할 수 있다.

② 칭찬은 어린이에게 장기적으로 효과가 없을 수 있다.

③ 어린이를 칭찬할 때는 달콤한 언어를 삼가야 한다.

④ 어린이를 칭찬하는 어른은 일관성을 유지해야 한다.

【문 3】다음 글에서 전체 흐름과 관계 없는 문장은?

In almost all countries, nuclear energy has been incorrectly packaged

as “clean, renewable energy” simply because it produces no carbon

emissions. This may be true, but it is also a fact that nuclear power

plants produce a by-product that is far more dangerous than

carbon: live radioactive waste. ① Of all the energy sources, nuclear

energy has definitely the lowest impact on our environment,

including land, water, and air. ② Although not widely known,

nuclear power plants must shut down approximately every eighteen

months to replace their fuel rods. ③ The old fuel rods contain

short-lived, low-level poisons as well as a highly toxic, radioactive

material called Np-237, which has a half-life of more than two

million years. ④ Today we produce the “equivalent of one-hundred

two-level buses” of nuclear waste every year- waste that has to be

stored somewhere.

*half-life (방사성 수소 원자 수가 최초의 반으로 줄 때까

지 걸리는 시간)

【문 4】다음 글에서 밑줄 친 reap its full benefits의 의미로 가장 적절

한 것은?

Normal, refreshing sleep consists of five stages. The first four get

progressively deeper. Then the body eases out of the deepest sleep

and into a fifth stage called REM (rapid eye movement). These

stages come and go in cycles throughout the night, but the deepest

stages when the brain is most out of touch with conscious reality

appear to be the most crucial for feeling rested and refreshed. If you

suffer frequent brief awakenings that don’t register consciously, you

may never reach the deepest stage, or you may stay there only

briefly, and so be unable to reap its full benefits.

① 잠에서 완전히 깨다

② 잠깐 동안 잠을 자다

③ 밤새 꿈을 꾸며 잠을 자다

④ 푹 자서 원기를 되찾다

【문 5】글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?

The diseases could be prevented or cured by consuming foods that

contained the vitamins.

The first two decades of this century were dominated by the

microbe hunters. ( ① ) These hunters had tracked down one after

another of the microbes responsible for the most dreaded scourges

of many centuries: tuberculosis, cholera, diphtheria. ( ② ) But there

remained some terrible diseases for which no microbe could be

incriminated: scurvy, rickets, beriberi. ( ③ ) Then it was discovered

that these diseases were caused by the lack of vitamins, a trace

substance in the diet. ( ④ ) And so in the decades of the 1920’s

and 1930’s, nutrition became a science and the vitamin hunters

replaced the microbe hunters.

【문 6】다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

Public policies often end up with . For

example, consider public policy regarding auto safety. How does a

seat belt law affect auto safety? The direct effect is obvious: When

a person wears a seat belt, the probability of surviving a major auto

accident rises. But that’s not the end of the story because the law

also affects the behavior of the drivers. The relevant behavior here is

the speed and care with which drivers operate their cars. They drive

more slowly and carefully when the danger level is high. For

example, people drive more slowly and carefully when roads are icy

than when roads are clear. People respond to seat belts as they

would to an improvement in road condition – by driving faster

and less carefully. The end result of a seat belt law, therefore, is a

large number of accidents.

① unintended consequences

② widespread safety benefits

③ solutions to other problems

④ inconvenience in everyday life

【문 1】밑줄 친 부분 중 어법상 적절하지 않은 것은?

Previewing is so central to the learning process that it needs ①

teaching explicitly in school. Whenever ② possible, kids ought to be

engaged in coming up with a blueprint of what something will look

like when it's finished. They should submit work plans and be

evaluated on them. Such plans should include a description of ③

how the final product will be like - much as a landscape designer

would prepare a sketch of a proposed garden. Sometime students

should be required to write the last paragraph of a report first and

then keep that paragraph up in front of them while ④ writing the

report. In other words, the final paragraph is their preview, the

destination toward which they are navigating.

【문 2】다음 중 글의 흐름과 관계없는 문장은?

Asian investors are now welcome in the London real estate market

as new big players, replacing former groups of valued clients from

Russia and the Middle East. ( ① ) Restriction their governments

impose on real estate investment in their home countries make

investment abroad more attractive. ( ② ) The London market

attracts Chinese investors due to its openness to foreign investment

and fluid rental market. ( ③ ) When millions around the world are

still struggling to make ends meet, superrich British holding assets

worth more than $1. 5 million are increasing in number. ( ④ )

Reflecting the current trend, the UK parliament passed a bill to

further encourage foreign investment from Asia.

【문 3】주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것은?

[ In the late 1970s, some scientists predicted that because of the

heat-trapping buildup of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, the

earth would warm up by 5 to 6 'C over the next century. ]

(A) And despite seasonal variations, the frequency of intense Atlantic

hurricanes and their maximum wind speed have not increased over

the past half-century.

(B) They linked a lot of bad weather to global warming. And the

media regularly predict that more and fiercer hurricanes, longer

droughts and more severe rainstorms will result.

(C) However, what has actually been going on? One computer

model says the earth’s temperature has increased by only 0.3 to 0.

4℃ since 1979.

① (A) ―(C) ―(B) ② (B) ―(A) ―(C)

③ (B) ―(C) ―(A) ④ (C) ―(A) ―(B)

【문 4】빈 칸에 들어갈 것으로 적절한 것은?

According to an ancient Greek myth, Narcissus was a young man

so beautiful that he fell in love with his own reflection when he

knelt down to take a drink of water, and then died by the water's

edge, heartbroken that he could not embrace his beloved. In modern

organizations, when people fall in love with their own products and

services, the results can be just as . The cause of

death: blindness to virtually all data that suggest their ideas and

creations are less than perfect. The ghost of Narcissus haunts many

companies today, striking any time in the evolution of a new or

improved product, from original concept to final launch. At its

heart, however, keeping the ghost of Narcissus at bay is not a

matter of methodologies or mechanisms, but rather one of the

personal resolve to consider the possibility that what you love may

not be what your customers love - and that what your customers

love may not be what you see as quite attractive.

① lucrative ② wholesome ③ innocuous ④ deadly

【문 5】다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것을 고르시오.

Even small changes in temperature can lead to enormous changes in

global weather patterns and habitats. For example, during the years

from about 1000 to 1350 A.D., known as the "Medieval Warm

Period," when global mean surface temperatures were only slightly

more than 1'F warmer than they are now, there were vineyards in

England, and Greenland supported hundreds of farms. By contrasts,

from 1430 to 1850, the period known as the "Little Ice Age," when

global mean surface temperatures were only slightly more than 1'F

cooler than they are now, the Thames was often frozen in winter, and

there were icebergs off the coast of Norway. Since the late 19th

century, global mean surface temperatures have already warmed on

average approximately 1'F, consistent with the increases in atmospheric

CO2 concentrations during the past century, from preindustrial

revolution levels of 280 ppm to current levels of 350 ppm.

① A slight change in temperature can bring about big difference in

the natural world.

② During the Medieval Warm Period, there were hundreds of

farms in Greenland.

③ There was decrease in the level of CO2 concentrations during

the past century.

④ Global average temperature has gone up around 1'F since the

late 19th century.

【문 6】다음 글의 제목으로 적절한 것을 고르시오.

The Vietnam War, a military attempt by the United States to block a

Communist regime in Southeast Asia, somewhat altered the lives of

people in the United States in terms of economics, society, and culture.

People in the United States began to perceive that other countries

should determine their own fates on their own and that the United

States should take a backseat in diplomacy. Socioculturally speaking, it

had a profound effect on the way Americans saw their government,

the media, and Constitutional rights. Because of this change in

viewpoint, the nation was split more than ever.

① The Rationale for Spurring the Vietnam War

② The Influence of the Vietnam War on Americans

③ The struggle of the United States to block communism

④ The Sociocultural Struggle behind the Vietnam War

【문 7】다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸 (A)와 (B)에

들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

Many European nations take an approach to social protection that

differs from the social insurance in the United States, which distributes

benefits on the basis of contributions made into an insurance system

during periods of employment. In Sweden, for example, the government

offers benefits on the basis of citizenship rather than on the basis of

contribution. Qualification for benefits does not rely on past work

history, contributions, or income levels. Universal health care makes

medical services available to all citizens. Some argue that programs

based on citizenship rights promote even more popular support than

social insurance. Despite their general popularity, social insurance

programs tend to divide mainstream workers from those who do not

qualify. A gap emerges between the “haves” and “have-nots.” In

contrast, universal systems gain support from all segments of the

stratification system and unite rather than divide citizens.

→ Unlike the social insurance in the United States where the

distribution of benefits is based on (A) , the social protection

in Europe emphasizes the importance of (B) .

(A) (B)

① citizenship …… efficiency

② citizenship …… equality

③ contribution …… efficiency

④ contribution …… equality

【문 8】빈 칸에 들어갈 것으로 적절한 것은?

To say that we need to curb anger and our negative thoughts and

emotions does not mean that we should deny our feelings. There is

an important distinction to be made between denial and restraint.

The latter consists of a deliberate and voluntarily adopted discipline

based on an appreciation of the benefits of doing so. This is very

different from the case of someone who suppresses emotions such as

anger out of a feeling that they need to present a façade of

self-control, or out of fear of what others may think. Such behavior

is like closing a wound which is still infected. Where denial and

suppression occur, there comes the danger that by doing so the

individual anger and resentment. The trouble

here is that at some future point they may find they cannot contain

these feelings any longer.

① fades out ② copes with

③ stores up ④ soothes

【문 9】빈 칸에 들어갈 것으로 적절한 것은?

The term “swan song” derived from the legend that, while they are

mute during the rest of their lives, swans sing beautifully and

mournfully just before they die. This isn’t actually the case, though.

Swans have a variety of vocal sounds and they don’t sing before

they die. The legend was known to be false as early as the days of

the ancient Rome. Nevertheless, many people made use of the

legend. Plato, Euripides, and Aristotle referred to the legend in their

writings. Socrates used the dying swans as a metaphor when he

said, “For they, when they perceive that they must die, sing more

sweetly than ever, rejoicing in the thought that they are about to go

away to their master, Apollo.” So swans, according to Socrates, sing

gloriously in anticipation of at last seeing their beloved master,

Apollo. “Swan song” is now used figuratively and most commonly

to refer to .

① something that is good and needs no advertising

② a state of being deserted, forgotten, or unwanted

③ the final farewell performance of an actor or singer

④ an event from which the principal performer is absent

【문 10】(A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현으로 가장 적

절한 것은?

A new study suggests that men are more physically attracted to a

woman if she wears red clothes. Researchers at the University of

Rochester in New York (A) [conducting/conducted] different

experiments to find out the effects of color on human relationships.

Researchers asked more than 100 men to give a score to

photographs of women. The men had to rate the women according

to how pretty they were, how much the men would like to kiss

them, their intelligence, and how (B) [kind/kindly] they looked.

They also had to provide details of what kind of date they would

like to take the women out. The results showed that the women in

the pictures who wore red scored higher and were more likely to

(C) [take/be taken] out on an expensive date. The data showed the

color red made no impact on the scores for intelligence and

kindness.

(A) (B) (C)

① conducted …… kindly …… be taken

② conducted …… kind …… be taken

③ conducting …… kind …… take

④ conducting …… kindly …… take

【문 11】(A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 문맥에 맞는 낱말로 가장 적절

한 것은?

In the current labor market, finding a job is quite difficult for less

educated, low-skilled, middle-aged, and long-term unemployed

people. While the number of jobs in the rapidly changing technology

sector is rising, jobs in the traditional industries are decreasing.

Middle-aged laborers, for whom (A) [adaptation/adoption] to the

new industrial structure is difficult, are at a high risk of

unemployment and of being permanently excluded from the labor

market. During the high-growth and low-unemployment period of

the 1970s, self-support was (B) [avoidable/attainable] through one’s

sheer will and effort. But now a low-growth and

high-unemployment environment is getting worse, thus making

self-support difficult to achieve. Meanwhile, the despair of the

long-term unemployed has deepened, and is (C)

[aggravated/alleviated] by the inability of the family to work as the

primary social safety net.

(A) (B) (C)

① adaptation …… avoidable …… aggravated

② adaptation …… attainable …… aggravated

③ adoption …… avoidable …… alleviated

④ adoption …… attainable …… aggravated

【문 12】다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?

As life ① becomes more complex, many people find ② difficult to

fall asleep and are more likely to suffer from insomnia. Almost all

of us, for example, have experienced transient insomnia –

temporary periods of sleeplessness. This type of insomnia usually

disappears when the cause of stress or anxiety ③ is eliminated.

Chronic insomnia, however, involves long periods – from three

months to a year or more. The typical sufferers of chronic insomnia

are females ④ in their mid-twenties. However, this type of insomnia

can affect anyone at any age, and it usually persists even when the

particular stress or tension has disappeared.

【문 13】다음 글의 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

In the United States, fashion as an upper-class phenomenon can be

documented from records of the seventeenth and eighteenth

centuries. During this time, fashions identified a person’s wealth and

position in society. (A) , with the Industrial Revolution in the

eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, the development of technology

for manufacturing clothing and factories for mass production made

fashionable clothing available to a larger part of the population.

Developments in mass marketing and communications in the

twentieth century have further increased the variety of fashions

available to virtually the entire population. (B) , although

upper-class leaders undoubtedly played important roles in early

fashion history, many authorities argue that their role in the fashion

process has diminished in modern society.

(A) (B)

① In other words …… Instead

② However …… Instead

③ Besides …… By contrast

④ However …… Therefore

【문 14】다음 글의 제목으로 적절한 것은?

Let's think about what happens when you go on a diet. When you

start out, you work hard to stick to the diet's difficult rules. While

on a diet, you are predictably deprived. Then someone puts a slice

of cake in front of you. The moment you give in to temptation and

take that first bite, your perspective changes. You tell yourself, "Oh,

I've broken my diet, so why not have the whole slice- along with

that perfectly grilled, mouthwatering cheeseburger I've been craving

all week? I'll start anew tomorrow or maybe on Monday. And this

time I'll really stick to it." In other words, having already spoiled

your dieting self-concept, you decide to break your diet completely

and make the most of your diet-free self-image. Failing at one

small thing can cause you to abandon the effort altogether.

① All is well that ends well.

② One bad turn leads to another.

③ A bad workman blames his tools.

④ Action speaks louder than words.

【문 15】다음 빈칸에 들어갈 가장 적절한 것은?

The modern ecology movement that was spawned in the late 1960s

and officially launched with the Earth Day celebration in 1970

introduced the idea of acknowledging the intrinsic value of species,

along with their utilitarian value. Battles were waged from the 1970s

onward over the question of preserving rare species versus economic

development. The struggle to save the now infamous northern

spotted owl against the threat posed by clear-cutting in the Pacific

Northwest created a national controversy over the worth of a single

species versus the loss of employment of thousands of loggers.

, whaling practices that threaten the extinction of the

world’s great sea mammals put Norwegian and Japanese whalers at

odds with environmental activists and have stirred global public

debate.

① Similarly ② Therefore

③ For example ④ Nevertheless

【문 16】다음 글의 내용과 일치하는 것은?

Henri Matisse was born in 1869, the year the Cutty Sark, a

beautiful little clipper ship, was launched. In 1954, the year he died,

the first hydrogen bomb exploded at Bikini Atoll. Not only did he

live on, literally, from one world into another; he lived through

some of the most traumatic political events in recorded history, the

worst wars, the greatest slaughters, the most demented rivalries of

ideology. Yet Matisse never made a didactic painting or signed a

manifesto, and there is scarcely one reference to a political event –

let alone an expression of political opinion – to be found anywhere

in his writings. Perhaps Matisse did suffer from fear and loathing

like the rest of us, but there is no trace of them in his work. His

paintings are the equivalent to the ideal place, away from the

assaults and erosions of history.

① Matisse did not believe art could transcend reality.

② The turmoil of politics did not affect Matisse’s artistic world.

③ Matisse disagreed with contemporary ideological views.

④ Matisse’s achievements as a painter surpass those of any other artist.

【문 17】주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 적절한 것은?

[When people are grouped into societies, they face different kinds of

tradeoffs. The classic tradeoff is between “guns and butter.”]

(A) Thus, while pollution regulations give us the benefit of a cleaner

environment and the improved health that comes with it, they have

the cost of reducing the incomes of the firms’ owners, workers, and

customers.

(B) Also important in modern society is the tradeoffs between a

clean environment and a high level of income. Laws that require

firms to reduce pollution raise the cost of producing goods and

services. So these firms end up earning smaller profits, paying lower

wages, charging higher prices, or some combination of these three.

(C) The more we spend on national defense (guns) to protect our

shores from foreign aggressors, the less we can spend on consumer

goods (butter) to raise our standard of living at home.

① B-A-C ② B-C-A ③ C-A-B ④ C-B-A

【문 18】다음 글에서 필자가 주장하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은?

It is true that the police have exercised a degree of discipline in

handling antiracism demonstrators. In this sense they have conducted

themselves rather “nonviolently” in public. But for what purpose? To

preserve the evil system of segregation. Over the past few years I

have consistently preached that nonviolence demands that the means

we use be as pure as the ends we seek. I have tried to make it

clear that it is wrong to use immoral means to attain moral ends.

But now I must affirm that it is just as wrong, or perhaps even

more so, to use oral means to preserve immoral ends. Perhaps the

police have been rather nonviolent in public, but they have used the

moral means of nonviolence to maintain the immoral end of racial

injustice.

① 인종 문제는 비폭력적 시위와 타협으로 해결해야 한다.

② 도덕적 수단으로 비도덕적 목적을 정당화해서는 안 된다.

③ 무분별한 시위 엄단으로 시민의 불편을 최소화해야 한다.

④ 정당한 목적을 위해 비도덕적 수단을 사용해서는 안 된다.

【문 19】다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

Some biologists have explained how evolution can lead to greater

and greater degrees of . Repeatedly in the history of

life, replicators have teamed up, specialized to divide the labor, and

coordinated their behavior. It happens because replicators often find

themselves in non-zero-sum games, in which particular strategies

adopted by two players can leave them both better off, as opposed

to a zero-sum game, where one player’s profit is another player’s

loss. An exact analogy is found in the play by William Butler Yeats

in which a blind man carries a lame man on his shoulders, allowing

both of them to get around. During the evolution of life this

dynamic has led replicating molecules to team up in chromosomes,

cell organs to team up in cells, cells to form into complex

organisms, and organisms to hang out in societies.

① fertility ② accuracy

③ resistance ④ cooperation

【문 20】다음 글에서 전체 흐름과 관계 없는 문장은?

The power of words is bound up with the images they evoke, and

is quite independent of their real significance. ① In this sense, words